tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-69170998034853244522024-03-14T00:35:48.231+07:00Linux basic commandLinux basic command - Give you the basics and advanced on linux. Including the operating system, commands and software packages for linux.Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.comBlogger131125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-68683510448966451802014-08-15T13:22:00.000+07:002014-08-15T13:22:01.860+07:00Samba AD DC - Server's Settings<div>
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></div>
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<b><i>Configute Samba Active Directory Domain Controller.</i></b></div>
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This example configures on the environment bellow.</div>
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<i>Domain name : SMB01</i></div>
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<i>Realm : SMB.SERVER.WORLD</i></div>
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<i>Hostname : smb.server.world</i></div>
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<b>[1]<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Install some packages</b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b><div>
<span style="color: #38761d;">root@smb:~# aptitude -y install samba krb5-config</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"># set Realm</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> +------------------+ Configuring Kerberos Authentication +------------------+</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | When users attempt to use Kerberos and specify a principal or user name |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | without specifying what administrative Kerberos realm that principal |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | belongs to, the system appends the default realm. The default realm may |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | also be used as the realm of a Kerberos service running on the local |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | machine. Often, the default realm is the uppercase version of the local |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | DNS domain. |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | Default Kerberos version 5 realm: |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | SMB.SERVER.WORLD_________________________________________________________ |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | <Ok> |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"># specify the hostname</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> +------------------+ Configuring Kerberos Authentication +------------------+</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | Enter the hostnames of Kerberos servers in the SMB.SERVER.WORLD Kerberos |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | realm separated by spaces. |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | Kerberos servers for your realm: |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | smb.server.world_________________________________________________________ |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | <Ok> |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"># specify the hostname</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> +------------------+ Configuring Kerberos Authentication +------------------+</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | Enter the hostname of the administrative (password changing) server for |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | the SMB.SERVER.WORLD Kerberos realm. |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | Administrative server for your Kerberos realm: |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | smb.server.world_________________________________________________________ |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | <Ok> |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> | |</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"> +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><br /></span></div>
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[2]<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Configure Samba</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"># rename or remove the default config file</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">root@smb:~# mv /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.org </span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">root@smb:~# samba-tool domain provision </span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"># specify Realm</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Realm: SMB.SERVER.WORLD </span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"># specify Domain name</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Domain [SMB]: SMB01 </span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"># Enter with default because it sets DC</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Server Role (dc, member, standalone) [dc]:</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"># Enter with default because it uses Built-in DNS</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">DNS backend (SAMBA_INTERNAL, BIND9_FLATFILE, BIND9_DLZ, NONE) [SAMBA_INTERNAL]:</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"># confirm DNS setting and Enter if it's OK</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">DNS forwarder IP address (write 'none' to disable forwarding) [10.0.0.10]:</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"># set admin password</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"># Do not set trivial password, if you input it, configuration wizard shows error and stops.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Administrator password:</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Retype password:</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Looking up IPv4 addresses</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Looking up IPv6 addresses</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">No IPv6 address will be assigned</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Setting up share.ldb</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Setting up secrets.ldb</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Setting up the registry</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Setting up the privileges database</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Setting up idmap db</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Setting up SAM db</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Setting up sam.ldb partitions and settings</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Pre-loading the Samba 4 and AD schema</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Adding DomainDN: DC=smb,DC=server,DC=world</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Adding configuration container</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Setting up sam.ldb schema</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Setting up sam.ldb configuration data</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Setting up display specifiers</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Modifying display specifiers</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Adding users container</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Modifying users container</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Adding computers container</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Modifying computers container</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Setting up sam.ldb data</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Setting up well known security principals</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Setting up sam.ldb users and groups</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Setting up self join</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Adding DNS accounts</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Creating CN=MicrosoftDNS,CN=System,DC=smb,DC=server,DC=world</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Creating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Populating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE marking as synchronized</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Fixing provision GUIDs</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">A Kerberos configuration suitable for Samba 4 has been generated at /var/lib/samba/private/krb5.conf</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Once the above files are installed, your Samba4 server will be ready to use</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Server Role: active directory domain controller</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Hostname: smb</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">NetBIOS Domain: SMB01</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">DNS Domain: smb.server.world</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">DOMAIN SID: S-1-5-21-2788139304-4264175402-297299711</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"># restart the computer</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">root@smb:~# reboot</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"># raise domain level to 2008 R2</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">root@smb:~# samba-tool domain level raise --domain-level 2008_R2 --forest-level 2008_R2 </span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Domain function level changed!</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Forest function level changed!</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">All changes applied successfully!</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"># confirm doman level</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">root@smb:~# samba-tool domain level show </span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Domain and forest function level for domain 'DC=smb,DC=server,DC=world'</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Forest function level: (Windows) 2008 R2</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Domain function level: (Windows) 2008 R2</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Lowest function level of a DC: (Windows) 2008 R2</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;"># add a user in domain</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">root@smb:~# samba-tool user add trusty </span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">New Password: # set password</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">Retype Password:</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">User 'trusty' created successfully</span></div>
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</b></div>
Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-52906061176513992582012-04-19T00:14:00.001+07:002012-04-19T00:15:41.744+07:00EFI installation for Ubuntu<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/ubuntu-efi/partition-endpoint.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://www.rodsbooks.com/ubuntu-efi/partition-endpoint.png" width="320" /></a> </div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma; font-size: 12px;"><b>BACKGROUND</b></span><br />
<blockquote style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma; font-size: 12px;">EFI is a replacement of the older BIOS. If your motherboard supports EFI, this is how you use it.<br />
I have read a bunch of different guides/howtos, but i thought none of them were easy enough, or they where outdated. Here comes my version...</blockquote><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma; font-size: 12px;"><b>INSTRUCTIONS</b></span><br />
<blockquote style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma; font-size: 12px;">EFI uses a whole partition (ESP=EFI System Partition) instead of the first 512B at the first sector as MBR does. A partition has to be reserved for that (see below).<br />
First you need a EFI bootable device with your favorite distro on. Use a USB memory, because most (?) CD/DVD readers does not seem to boot the OS into EFI mode, and will therefore not be able to automatically install EFI.<br />
<br />
<ul><li>Create a bootable USB live "CD".<ul><li><a href="https://launchpad.net/usb-creator/" style="color: #444444;" target="_blank">usb-creator-gtk</a> in linux</li>
<li><a href="http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/" style="color: #444444;" target="_blank">unetbootin</a> in win</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Boot into the live CD (USB).</li>
<li>Format the disk with a GPT partition table with for example <i>gparted</i> [screenshot 1].<br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">(Device -> Create Partition Table... -> GPT)</span></li>
<li>Start installation, create the desired partitions and make one of them the ESP [screenshot 2-3].<br />
(The EFI partition choice will not appear unless the live CD is booted into EFI mode.)<br />
The ESP does not necessarily have to be the first one in the partition table.<br />
I choose a 16MB ESP as the last partition in the table.</li>
<li>In the UEFI BIOS settings make sure all EFI bootable devices are ahead of the MBR devices in the boot order [screenshot 4].<br />
(Otherwise the empty DVD reader can rule out the EFI compatible hd, that you've put after the DVD in the boot order and the boot will stall.)</li>
</ul></blockquote><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma; font-size: 12px;"><b>NOTES</b></span><br />
<blockquote style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma; font-size: 12px;"><ul><li>If you want to be able to dualboot with MS Win, then the ESP has to be FAT32. Most linux distros choose FAT16 as default (but handles FAT32), you can either preformat the ESP with FAT32 or covert it to FAT32 later on.</li>
</ul></blockquote><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma; font-size: 12px;"><b>SCREENSHOTS</b></span> <br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma; font-size: 12px;"><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><img alt="EFI installation for Ubuntu" height="323" src="http://i.imgur.com/Y9wEi.png" title="EFI installation for Ubuntu" width="640" /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><img alt="EFI installation for Ubuntu" height="404" src="http://i.imgur.com/0HHnY.png?2" title="EFI installation for Ubuntu" width="640" /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><img alt="EFI installation for Ubuntu" height="401" src="http://i.imgur.com/Fslg3.png" title="EFI installation for Ubuntu" width="640" /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><img alt="EFI installation for Ubuntu" height="480" src="http://i.imgur.com/2mmM5.png" title="EFI installation for Ubuntu" width="640" /> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: left;">Source( ubuntu forum)</div>Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-41235197617580637802012-04-12T22:06:00.000+07:002012-04-12T22:06:23.538+07:00SSH Tunneling - Poor Techie's VPN<div style="background-color: white;"></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="line-height: 20px;"></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> </span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/files/linuxjournal.com/ufiles/imagecache/node-page/nodeimage/story/tunnel_0.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="SSH Tunneling - Poor Techie's VPN" border="0" src="http://www.linuxjournal.com/files/linuxjournal.com/ufiles/imagecache/node-page/nodeimage/story/tunnel_0.png" title="SSH Tunneling - Poor Techie's VPN" /></a>"If we see light at the end of the tunnel, it is the light of the oncoming train" ~ Robert Lowell. Oh yes, another good quote. This post is on SSH tunneling, or as I like to call it 'Poor Man's VPN'. Contrary to the sysadmin's popular belief, SSH tunneling actually can be very valuable use for both techies and home users. I say contrary to popular belief because 'reverse tunneling' and tunneling http traffic through SSH can bypass firewalls and content filters. But this article isn't about how to violate your corporate internet use policy, it's about how to create <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/2010/09/howto-limit-ip-connections.html" target="_blank">SSH</a> tunnels to make your life just a little bit easier.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Why <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/2010/09/howto-limit-ip-connections.html" target="_blank">SSH</a> Tunnels instead of <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/2011/03/15-must-have-linux-desktop-apps.html" target="_blank">VPN</a>? Well, I actually use both at home. If you have followed any of my posts on jaysonbroughton.com, I use a 3-factor authentication with <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/2011/03/15-must-have-linux-desktop-apps.html" target="_blank">OpenVPN</a> (user name, certificate & One-Time-Password). But if I want to check on one of my servers from the house via my Android, or a computer where I don't have administrative rights (required of my custom portable OpenVPN client), or even tunnel vnc over ssh to fix a problem on my better half's Linux laptop then SSH is my backup to using VPN.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">What I'll cover here today is just your basics: how to create tunnels, what the syntax means, examples of reverse tunnels and why would you use each one of them. I'll briefly go over ssh_config, but a more in-depth post on custom ssh_config's will be at a later date.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">So as always, time to dispense with the necessities. I use Debian in a virtual environment so your results may vary. In this case I am using OpenSSH_5.3p1 as a Server and a mix of OpenSSH 5.X ssh clients with my examples. Before I get too far into tunneling I'll say this: If you feel the need to use SSH tunneling via http or reverse SSH tunnels to bypass your corporate firewall make sure you are not violating any of your companies Internet Acceptable Use Policy. This goes without saying, your System Administrators will hunt you down and fry you when they find that you're bypassing the content filter or setting a reverse tunnel in order to tunnel back into a server at work. As a System Administrator myself, I take immense pleasure in locating such individuals. At the very least check with your Network/System Administrator so they are not caught off-guard. LinuxJournal.com and myself are not liable for your blatant violations of your corporate policy :-) With that said, let's have some fun shall we?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Creating an SSH tunnel is actually quite easy. Figuring out what to do with it once you have learned how to create a tunnel might be slightly more difficult. So I'll give you a few use cases to get your mind churning before we get into the details of creating a tunnel. I used to travel quite a bit before kids and with a previous IT job. When I traveled I would end up in the strangest of hotel rooms (you know the kind) with even stranger wireless access points. Do you really want to connect to a wireless access point where the SSID of the hotel is missspelled? Or the airport where there appears to be quite a few open WAP's? When I'm out and about I will tunnel my http traffic through ssh on my rooted droid to my home server. If I'm on my laptop/netbook I'll open an ssh tunnel and route http traffic via socks5 so that all of my traffic is encrypted via ssh then back out to me. I wouldn't trust an open WAP as far as I can throw it. What about anything else in plain text? I've tunneled SMTP traffic on my computer back to the house when certain places I've been block outbound <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/2010/12/run-with-clamav.html" target="_blank">SMTP</a>. Same thing goes with pop3 (of which I've recently changed over to imap-s). Other examples of ssh tunneling include X11 applications tunneled via SSH, and VNC sessions. One of the things I brought up earlier is reverse tunneling, which is..well you got it, the reverse of tunneling. In this case you create a tunnel from a server that is behind a firewall with no SSH servers to an SSH server. Then when you log into that SSH server you can re-establish the connection. What good is that you say? Well if your corporate VPN is down, or requires Windows only VPN clients but you really don't want to lug your laptop home to check on a process running when you get home you can reverse tunnel. In this case you would establish a connection from server X to your home machine. Once you arrived at the house you would re-establish the connection to server X, thus bypassing the firewall/VPN and checking on the process without having to establish a VPN connection. I do this very rarely as I feel this is bad juju, bypassing all the rules setup on my firewall and VPN is usually a last resort.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">So there are your examples for SSH tunneling, now let's show you how to get 'er done.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Before we get too carried away on the client side of things there are a few things that need to be edited on the server-side of sshd.config. in /etc/ssh/sshd_config I tend to make the following changes. Before you get too carried away, make a copy of /etc/ssh/sshd_config origional file so you have a reference in case something goes horribly wrong. cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.orig</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"># Force SSH Protocol 2</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Protocol 2</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">#Turn on Privileged Separation for security</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">UsePrivilegeSeparation yes</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">#Deny root login</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">PermitRootLogin no</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">#Do not allow empty passwords</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">PermitEmptyPasswords no</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"># Forward my X Sessions</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">X11Forwarding yes</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">X11DisplayOffset 10</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"># I hate Motd displays</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">PrintMotd no</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"># It's alliivee</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">TCPKeepAlive yes</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Don't forget if you do make any changes to your sshd_config file, you need to restart your sshd service in order to make the necessary changes.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">All right, lets get into switches. No no, not the switches your 'pa made you pull off the tree branch when you broke ma's favorite vase, SSH switches.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">A typical SSH tunnel (without tunneling X) looks like this:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">ssh -N -p 22 bob@mylinuxserver.xxx -L 2110:localhost:110</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Where:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">-N</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">= Do not execute a remote command</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">-p 22</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">= External SSH port 22. I tend to use other external SSH ports to keep skript kiddies from hitting my home SSH server</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">bob@mylinuxserver.xxx</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">= username@hostname(or ip address)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">-L 2110/localhost/110</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">= Bind information. Broken down as such: client-port:hostname:hostport - In this example your binding POP3 on the server to your localhost port 2110</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">So how about some examples?</span><br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Forward pop3 and smtp through SSH:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">ssh -N -p 2022 bob@mylinuxserver.xxx -L 2110:localhost:110 -L 2025:localhost:25</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Forward google Talk through SSH:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">(-g Allows remote hosts to connect to local forwarding ports)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">ssh -g -p 2022 -N bob@mylinuxserver.xxx 5223:talk.google.com:5223 </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Basically anything that is sent in plain-text can be secured via SSH tunneling. Once you have established the tunnel, on the client-side you would configure your settings for the hostname as localhost and the port as your 'client-port', be it 2110,2020,5223, or any other port that you have selected to forward through.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Encrypt your HTTP Traffic</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">This is another one that goes without saying. If you work for a company that has an 'IT Acceptable Use Policy' check before you do this. This is one that I use whenever I'm out of town or in a place that I don't trust the wifi. On an android I'll use my SSHTunnel app, but if I'm on my laptop I use the following SSH command</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">ssh -D 5222 bob@mylinuxserver.xxx -N</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">After you make a connection, then set your browser of choice (or any application that allows proxy) to localhost:5222. This will create a dynamic port forward and tunnel all the application traffic through your SSH server, both encrypting your data and bypassing content filters.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Tunneling X and VNC Sessions</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Remember when you added 'X11Forwarding yes' to your sshd_config? This is where tunneling X comes in.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">ssh -X -p 2022 bob@mylinuxserver.xxx</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">You guessed it, -X tunnels X. Remember though, this will tunnel X apps from your remote machine to your client machine running Linux. If you somehow find you're on a Microsoft Windows machine and want to tunnel, just install Cygwin/X (http://x.cygwin.com/) on your guest OS. I haven't personally tried this but from what I understand it gives you an X windowing system that should allow you to run your remote X apps in Windows.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">When it comes to tunneling VNC sessions, you have to be careful. If the client you're tunneling from has a vnc server running on say 5900, make sure you don't decide to put your local forwarding port at 5900 or you will just connect right back to yourself. Connecting via VNC is as straight forward as any of the other services:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">ssh -p 2022 bob@mylinuxserver.xxx -L 5900:localhost:5900</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">In this example your connecting to ssh external port 2022 as user bob to mylinuxserver.com. Your local forwarding port is 5900, the port you want to forward is mylinxuserver.com's 5900 vnc. Once you setup the forward you can open up your vnc client of choice and type: localhost:0 at which point you should be connected via vnc to your remote desktop. If you used 5901, then it would be localhost:1, and so on and so forth.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Reverse SSH Tunnels</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Oh yes it's time for my favorite part of SSH tunneling. Sure, getting access to a service from behind SSH is nice, so is tunneling your web traffic through encrypted SSH tunnels. But the real surprise comes when you can reverse the tunnel. As I've outlined earlier, a reverse tunnel is when you are behind a firewall that has no SSH server, but need to access it at a later date (be it minutes/hours/days later) but don't want or have the ability to VPN in. You would connect to your SSH server from that machine, then reverse the tunnel by connecting to that open connection. What do I use it for? From time to time against a server, or even with friends and family with reverse VNC sessions via SSH tunnels. In this case they execute a putty saved session that logs into my ssh server as a certain user with no rights. Once the tunnel is established, I can vnc to their machine in order to remote to them. No more having them setup their firewall, or figure out log-me-in, or any of those other websites.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">So the steps to create a reverse SSH tunnel are as follows:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">From client machine: ssh -R remoteport:localhost:22 username@servername</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">ex: ssh -R 2048:localhost:22 bob@mylinuxserver.xxx</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">From server side (to re-establish the tunnel): ssh -p 2048 localhost</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">And there you have it, a reverse tunnel. Yay!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">For you visual learners out there, daddoo and nerdboy4200 from #linuxjournal got together and whipped up a message sequence chart using mscgen (http://www.mcternan.me.uk/mscgen/). Yes it's opensource, and really awesome. I tried my hand at creating the mscgen chart for this article but what daddoo and nerdboy did in just a few short hours put my little image to shame.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Conclusion</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">An there you have it, a primer to SSH tunneling. Keep in mind that this was just a primer, what you can do with tunneling is limited only by your imagination. Later on I'll go over setting up ssh_config on the client side so that all of these settings that I have described above can be saved as individual settings on your client-side ssh. But that's a post for another time.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Source (<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">jaysonbroughton.com)</span></span>Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-62333432566541739642012-03-31T21:29:00.003+07:002012-03-31T21:31:04.448+07:00Making the Evolutionary Leap from Meerkat to Narwhal<div style="text-align: center;"></div><a href="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/topics/ubuntu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Making the Evolutionary Leap from Meerkat to Narwhal" border="0" height="200" src="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/topics/ubuntu.jpg" title="Making the Evolutionary Leap from Meerkat to Narwhal" width="200" /></a><a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/"><b>Linux basic command</b></a> - I’m very happy with <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> as a d<a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/Desktop">esktop</a> operating system. I’ve used it for years with no significant issues. In fact, Ubuntu excels where other disributions fail. Even Linux arch rival Windows, is often left in the last century compared to the innovations perpetrated by the Canonical group. But what about Natty Narwhal? Is the hype worth the effort? I’d have to say, “Yes.” Although, I’m not 100 percent sold on Unity, I’m impressed with its boot speed, shutdown speed, and snappy performance. Oh, and there’s that little matter of The Launcher.<br />
This article describes my personal experiences with upgrading <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/Ubuntu">Ubuntu 10.1</a>0 to Ubuntu 11.04 via the Ubuntu automatic notification and online update method.<br />
<b>The Upgrade Process</b><br />
<br />
Last week, upon logging into my faithful workstation, I found what I thought was the standard applications upgrade screen. Thanks to this column, I have dozens more applications on my workstation than the normal <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/">Linux</a> geek and therefore see, on what seems like a daily basis, notifications that one or more applications need an upgrade. And, of course, I comply with no complaint*.<br />
<br />
But, this day was different. This time the prompt read, “Welcome to Ubuntu 11.04 ‘Natty Narwhal.’ See Figure 1. I have never seen this type of notification before that notified me of a possible version upgrade**.<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Figure 1: The Natty Narwhal Upgrade Announcement" height="233" src="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure1.png" title="Making the Evolutionary Leap from Meerkat to Narwhal" width="320" /> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><strong>Figure 1: The Natty Narwhal Upgrade Announcement</strong><br />
<a name='more'></a></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">I cheerfully clicked, <b>Yes, Upgrade Now***</b>. What have I got to lose for such an upgrade? A full-time job, a book project, several regular writing gigs–sure, I have plenty of time to reinstall Ubuntu 10.10, all my applications, restore my data, and catch up on everything, including sleep. I digress.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Figure 2 shows the next screen in the upgrade process. It’s tempting to click <b>Install Updates</b>, since it’s highlighted by default, but don’t. Instead, click the <b>Upgrade</b> button above to continue.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure2.png" style="color: #006699; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="View Full Size: Figure 2: The Natty Narwhal Upgrade Screen"><img alt="Figure 2: The Natty Narwhal Upgrade Screen" class="story_image" height="320" src="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure2.png" style="max-width: 468px;" title="Making the Evolutionary Leap from Meerkat to Narwhal" width="320" /></a></div><strong>Figure 2: The Natty Narwhal Upgrade Screen</strong><br />
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">In very Windoows-like fashion, yet another screen prompts you to confirm that you want to upgrade to 11.04. If you’re paranoid, like me, you’re getting a little nervous and maybe a little annoyed at this point. Click <b>Upgrade</b> to continue as shown in Figure 3.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure3.png" style="color: #006699; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="View Full Size: Figure 3: Informative Details about the Natty Narwhal Upgrade."><img alt="Figure 3: Informative Details about the Natty Narwhal Upgrade." class="story_image" height="266" src="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure3.png" style="max-width: 468px;" title="Making the Evolutionary Leap from Meerkat to Narwhal" width="320" /></a></div><strong>Figure 3: Informative Details about the Natty Narwhal Upgrade.</strong><br />
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Figure 4 displays a screen that you’ll see for some time during the upgrade process. Note the message that the upgrade process is “Calculating the changes” to your system. This part of the process compares your currently installed packages to versions available in Ubuntu 11.04 and calculates the number and sizes of packages needed to complete the upgrade.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure4.png" style="color: #006699; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="View Full Size: Figure 4: Ubuntu 11.04 Upgrade Preparation."><img alt="Figure 4: Ubuntu 11.04 Upgrade Preparation." class="story_image" height="239" src="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure4.png" style="max-width: 468px;" title="Making the Evolutionary Leap from Meerkat to Narwhal" width="320" /></a></div><strong>Figure 4: Ubuntu 11.04 Upgrade Preparation.</strong><br />
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Once the calculation phase completes, you’re presented with the screen shown in Figure 5. Depending on your currrent Ubuntu version, number of installed packages, and Internet connection speed, your messages may vary. When you’re satisfied with what’s going to happen, confirm again that you want to continue the upgrade process by clicking <b>Start Upgrade</b>. Note the message that “Fetching and installing the upgrade can take several hours.” It will.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure5.png" style="color: #006699; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="View Full Size: Figure 5: Last Chance to Abort the Natty Narwhal Upgrade."><img alt="Figure 5: Last Chance to Abort the Natty Narwhal Upgrade." class="story_image" height="320" src="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure5.png" style="max-width: 468px;" title="Making the Evolutionary Leap from Meerkat to Narwhal" width="291" /></a></div><strong>Figure 5: Last Chance to Abort the Natty Narwhal Upgrade.</strong><br />
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Figure 6 is the long stretch in the upgrade process. Ignore the estimates that you see in the progress bar; it changes every few minutes. Walk away and check the upgrade progress on your <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/">system</a> every 30 minutes or so.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure6.png" style="color: #006699; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="View Full Size: Figure 6: Natty Narwhal Upgrade is Underway."><img alt="Figure 6: Natty Narwhal Upgrade is Underway." class="story_image" height="239" src="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure6.png" style="max-width: 468px;" title="Making the Evolutionary Leap from Meerkat to Narwhal" width="320" /></a></div><strong>Figure 6: Natty Narwhal Upgrade is Underway.</strong><br />
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">The installation process takes a very long time to complete and it varies widely based on your connection speed, amount of traffic to upgrade sites, and your local system’s speed. Mine took a very long time (About six hours) because I was upgrading over a wireless connection.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Figure 7 shows the next screen in the process: 11.04 Package Installation.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure7.png" style="color: #006699; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="View Full Size: Figure 7: Watching the Package Installation."><img alt="Figure 7: Watching the Package Installation." class="story_image" height="239" src="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure7.png" style="max-width: 468px;" title="Making the Evolutionary Leap from Meerkat to Narwhal" width="320" /></a></div><strong>Figure 7: Watching the Package Installation.</strong><br />
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Stay close to your system during this part of the upgrade process, because you’ll see several prompts, as shown in Figure 8, asking you to make a decision about replacing or keeping your current package configuration files.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure8.png" style="color: #006699; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="View Full Size: Figure 8: Modfy or Not to Modify the Configuration File."><img alt="Figure 8: Modfy or Not to Modify the Configuration File." class="story_image" height="239" src="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure8.png" style="max-width: 468px;" title="Making the Evolutionary Leap from Meerkat to Narwhal" width="320" /></a></div><strong>Figure 8: Modfy or Not to Modify the Configuration File.</strong><br />
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">During the cleanup phase, Figure 9 appears prompting you to remove obsolete packages from your system. I chose to remove them and continue the upgrade process.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure9.png" style="color: #006699; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="View Full Size: Figure 9: Ubuntu 11.04 Cleanup Phase."><img alt="Figure 9: Ubuntu 11.04 Cleanup Phase." class="story_image" height="320" src="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure9.png" style="max-width: 468px;" title="Making the Evolutionary Leap from Meerkat to Narwhal" width="291" /></a></div><strong>Figure 9: Ubuntu 11.04 Cleanup Phase.</strong><br />
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">At the end of the upgrade process, you might see the message shown in Figure 10. This message means that something has gone wrong in the upgrade process that prevents you from using the new Unity desktop.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure10.png" style="color: #006699; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="View Full Size: Figure 10: Do You Have Unity or Don't You Have Unity?"><img alt="Figure 10: Do You Have Unity or Don't You Have Unity?" class="story_image" height="239" src="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure10.png" style="max-width: 468px;" title="Making the Evolutionary Leap from Meerkat to Narwhal" width="320" /></a></div><strong>Figure 10: Do You Have Unity or Don’t You Have Unity?</strong><br />
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">However, as it was in my case, the message was incorrect. After a reboot, the Unity desktop is ready to use. See Figure 11.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure11.png" style="color: #006699; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="View Full Size: Figure 11: Ubuntu 11.04 Unity Achieved."><img alt="Figure 11: Ubuntu 11.04 Unity Achieved." class="story_image" height="239" src="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure11.png" style="max-width: 468px;" title="Making the Evolutionary Leap from Meerkat to Narwhal" width="320" /></a></div><strong>Figure 11: Ubuntu 11.04 Unity Achieved.</strong><br />
<div class="subhead" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold;">Initial Reaction</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">My initial reaction to Natty is ‘cool’ but on closer inspection, it can be a little difficult to navigate until you get used to the new Launcher. And, I’m not totally convinced (yet) that this Launcher makes accessing my programs more efficient. Sure, you have icons in the Launcher for Firefox, your Home folder, Office apps, Terminal, etc., but I can do that with icons. The Launcher groups all applications into a single Applications icon, which makes locating an icon a but cumbersome for me. See Figure 12.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure12.png" style="color: #006699; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="View Full Size: Figure 12: Inside Unity's Application Launcher."><img alt="Figure 12: Inside Unity's Application Launcher." class="story_image" height="239" src="http://www.linux-mag.com/s/i/articles/8679/Figure12.png" style="max-width: 468px;" title="Making the Evolutionary Leap from Meerkat to Narwhal" width="320" /></a></div><strong>Figure 12: Inside Unity’s Application Launcher.</strong><br />
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">That said, I love the speed of Natty. My system boots in seconds after the initial POST. It’s so fast that I actually thought something was wrong or that I’d had a time lapse while looking at the screen. I rebooted several more times just to be sure. Additionally, shutdown is fast too.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Resulting collateral damage from the upgrade to Natty is minimal. Other than visual effects, and Launcher angst, I’ve found no major problems or complaints with Natty. Frankly, I’d rather have Natty than any other system although I realize that it has its <a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/NattyNarwhal/ReleaseNotes" style="color: #006699; text-decoration: none;">flaws and limitations</a> but I expect Canonical will solve these very soon. All said, Natty Narwhal is a must-have upgrade for Ubuntu users. And, if you’ve held off of switching to Ubuntu from Windows or some other Linux distribution, give Natty a try, it’s a whale of a good time.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">* If you know me, you know that I complain about it.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">** I’m not saying that such notifications never existed but I update long before I see such a notification.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">By </span>Ken Hess </div></div>Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-89210734754343590212012-03-28T17:28:00.001+07:002012-03-28T17:29:02.932+07:00Fedora 14 review<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://cdn.mos.techradar.com//Review%20images/PC%20Plus/PCP%20308/PCP308.ot07.fedora_01-380-75.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Fedora 14 review" border="0" height="300" src="http://cdn.mos.techradar.com//Review%20images/PC%20Plus/PCP%20308/PCP308.ot07.fedora_01-380-75.jpg" title="Fedora 14 review" width="400" /></a></div><br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left; width: 480px;"><a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/">Fedora 14 review </a>- <a href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&sqi=2&ved=0CDQQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffedoraproject.org%2F&ei=pudyT6i_E5GXiQf3j-TkDw&usg=AFQjCNGVilHCr2Vq2yk56pgdB1EFPXQS9A&sig2=n7ShhbwYYhDVryc7I4U6wQ">Fedora</a> is a traditionalist distribution. That means its packages and desktop are as close to the default as you might expect from a distribution that isn't Gentoo.</div><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: left; width: 480px;">Its KDE desktop is particularly interesting, because there are none of the niceties like a customised menu or re-themed panel that you'd expect from a more KDE-centric distribution. You get the original KDE experience, which isn't always a great thing.</div><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: left; width: 480px;">If you're coming from the world of Windows, KDE isn't all that easy to pick up. It may look familiar, with a launch menu, widgets and virtual desktops, but it takes some serious re-adjustments.</div><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: left; width: 480px;">The system control panel, for example, is a mess of OS X backwards/forwards panels, hidden windows and dozens of checkboxes. Fedora makes no attempt to tame this complexity, whereas openSUSE brushes over some of these cracks with its own configuration panels.</div><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: left; width: 480px;">The default desktop environment is equally uncompromising. Most users will only persevere with this desktop if they know what to expect.</div><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: left; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Default values</strong></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: left; width: 480px;">On the desktop, Plasma is unadulterated – you get just the basic file widget. This is the virtual representation of what's in your 'Desktop' folder, or any other folder you'd like it to point at.</div><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: left; width: 480px;">This is one of the big ideas behind what KDE used to call the Plasma desktop – a brave attempt to tie the internet and the world of social networking to your OS.</div><a name='more'></a><br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: left; width: 480px;">Fedora's default gives none of this away. Instead, you'll need to click the Plasma cashew icon, adding widgets to your desktop and panel. Only then does the desktop start to feel more advanced and progressive than a Windows 7 installation.</div><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: left; width: 480px;">The addition of Activities is the best example of KDE's innovation, and it would be great if a distro like Fedora was brave enough to realise its full potential.</div><div class="webonly" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: left; width: 480px;"><br />
</div>Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-52612627302995339672012-03-28T17:18:00.002+07:002012-03-28T17:24:20.375+07:0010 best Linux distros for 2011<figure class="img" data-url="/images/zoom/704584-a/1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: url(http://cdn1.static.techradar.com//20120327151844/img/tr_generic_texture.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; color: #333333; cursor: pointer; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: -1px; overflow-x: hidden; position: relative; text-align: left;"><img alt="10 best Linux distros for 2011" itemprop="image" src="http://cdn.mos.techradar.com/classifications/computing/software/operating-systems/images/best_linux_distro_2011/mint11_01-580-75.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; height: 326px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /><figcaption style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.699219); background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; bottom: 0px; color: white; font-size: 14px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 10px; position: absolute; text-shadow: black 1px 1px 0px; width: 558px;">Linux Mint 11: The best distro for your desktop</figcaption></figure><br />
<div class="article-body" itemprop="articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 19px; position: relative; text-align: left;"><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; width: 480px;"><a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/Hardware">Hardware</a> compatibility, ease of use, the size of a <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/">software </a>repository. These three attributes are unique to each Linux distribution. But at the same time, each Linux distribution is at liberty to take and mix whatever it wants from any other.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">This creates a rather unique situation, where good ideas quickly spread, and bad ones fail. And as a result, there are dozens of distribution updates each month, hundreds each year, in a race to leap-frog each other in the race to the top of the <a href="http://distrowatch.com/">DistroWatch.com</a> charts.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">This is why the answer to the question of which distribution is best for you changes with the tides, and why we're keen to keep on top of distribution developments.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">What follows are our recommendations, updated for this year, and split by typical users. Try them yourself. They're all free.</div><a name='more'></a><br />
<div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">1. The best distro for beginners: Ubuntu 11.04</strong></div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">We must admit that despite <a href="http://www.ubuntu.com/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;" wrc_done="true">Ubuntu</a> 's ubiquity, it has only just managed to hold on to the top-spot as the best distro for beginners. This is because the latest release will feel unfamiliar to anyone from a Windows, Gnome 2 or KDE background, although Mac users might feel more at home than most.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">This is due to the <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> team replacing the old desktop with something it calls Unity - a slick and accelerated full-screen interface that allows you to switch quickly between applications and find your files. Except that this first release has some stability issues and if your graphics hardware isn't up to the job, the fall-back to an older desktop creates unnecessary confusion.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"></div><br />
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<figure style="border-bottom-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; cursor: pointer; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: -1px; overflow-x: hidden; position: relative;"><img alt="Ubuntu" src="http://cdn3.mos.techradar.com//classifications/computing/software/operating-systems/images/best_linux_distro_2011/ubuntu_01-580-90.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="580" /></figure><br />
<div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; width: 480px;"></div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">But there are two reasons why Ubuntu is still a fantastic choice for beginners - hardware compatibility and ease of installation. Stick the disc in the drive, answer a few easy questions, and you'll find yourself at the desktop in no time at all.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">And as long as it works, <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> developers still know how to make a desktop look good. Unity is a new way of using a desktop, but it's also a brave move to try and do something different, whether that's the drag and drop files onto applications feature or the way applications can be installed from the global search pane.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Ubuntu still offers one of the best looking default desktops, an unparalleled software repository, easy installation of proprietary software like Flash and Nvidia drivers, and incorporates one of the largest and most accessible communities on the internet. It's still a winner. But we can't say for how long.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Summary:</strong> Easy installation, a massive package repository and a dedicated user community help keep Ubuntu a great choice for newcomers. But Unity is going to cause problems.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Also consider:</strong> <a href="http://mageia.org/en/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;" wrc_done="true">Mageia 1.0</a> </div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">2. The best distro for experts: Fedora 15</strong></div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">The <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;" wrc_done="true">Fedora</a> distribution takes a trail-blazing, no compromise, approach to free software. It offers many of the same advantages of Ubuntu like excellent hardware support, a refined desktop and great package choice, with some of the core-philosophy ideals that have helped make Linux such as a success.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">The best example of this is the latest release. Fedora 15 is the first major distribution to ship with the new Gnome environment - Gnome Shell. Like Ubuntu's Unity, Shell is an attempt to change people's expectations of what a Linux desktop should look and feel like. It does this using a similar approach to Unity, complete with animated transitions, launch bar and application launcher, but it's a shame that the two projects couldn't work together, as they both suffer from poor stability.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">As a result, it's not an ideal distribution if you're looking for proprietary and closed software. MP3 codecs, Adobe Flash and Nvidia drivers are not easy to install, and get even less easier with each new release. Instead, you'll want to stick with the open source alternatives provided by Fedora.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"></div><br />
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<figure style="border-bottom-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; cursor: pointer; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: -1px; overflow-x: hidden; position: relative;"><img alt="Fedora" src="http://cdn3.mos.techradar.com//classifications/computing/software/operating-systems/images/best_linux_distro_2011/fedora_01-580-90.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="580" /></figure><br />
<div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; width: 480px;"></div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Fortunately, Fedora is still a distribution you can make your own. Creating a development environment is easy, for example, and the locations used by shared libraries, configuration files and kernel headers strictly adhere to long established standards.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">This means that with Fedora 15 you get the best of both worlds: the cutting edge world of Gnome Shell, straight from installation CD, and a completely customisable, standard and reliable environment from which you can build your perfect distribution.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Summary:</strong> Still the result of a fusion between a noble cause and an uncompromisingly corporate business plan.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Also consider:</strong> <a href="http://www.slackware.com/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;" wrc_done="true">Slackware</a> </div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">3. The best distro for customisation: Arch</strong></div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Despite being around for a while, it's only over the last twelve months that<a href="http://www.archlinux.org/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;" wrc_done="true">Arch</a> 's popularity has surged, now making it one of the most popular Linux distributions available. This is perhaps surprising because Arch is definitely not a distribution for the unprepared.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Installation, for instance, is a text-based menu that does little to help you partition your drive, configure a wireless device, install packages or even set up a default user. Even after installation has finished, you'll need to grab and configure your own graphical environment as well as add any applications you're likely to need.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">But the end result is worth it. You'll have a Linux installation that's running only what you need, and you'll have learnt a great deal about how it runs in the process. This is mostly thanks to the Arch Wiki, a sprawling and well-written information repository that can be used to enable even a Linux beginner to install the operating system.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"></div><br />
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<figure style="border-bottom-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; cursor: pointer; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: -1px; overflow-x: hidden; position: relative;"><img alt="Arch" src="http://cdn2.mos.techradar.com//classifications/computing/software/operating-systems/images/best_linux_distro_2011/arch_01-580-90.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="580" /></figure><br />
<div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; width: 480px;"></div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Arch's package management is also worth a mention. There's no big distribution upgrade every six months. Instead, packages are updated as and when they're released, always giving you the very latest version of everything you install. And there's a mass of packages to chose from, including a bursting repository of user generated packages that are compiled as you install them.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">The end result is a cutting edge distribution that's fast, configurable and built entirely to your own requirements.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Summary:</strong> A distribution that brings back some of that old Linux pioneering spirit.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Also consider:</strong> <a href="http://www.gentoo.org/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;" wrc_done="true">Gentoo</a> </div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">4. The best distro for older hardware: Puppy Linux 5.2.5</strong></div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Linux's great strength is its flexibility. It runs on everything from mobile phones to spaceships.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">As a result, it's extremely good at scaling, and makes a good choice for older hardware. Unlike some other operating systems, you won't have to resort to running older versions either. There are plenty of distributions that will take the latest software, the latest kernel and the latest drivers, and build them into a distribution tailored for older bits of kit.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"></div><br />
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<figure style="border-bottom-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; cursor: pointer; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: -1px; overflow-x: hidden; position: relative;"><img alt="Puppy" src="http://cdn9.mos.techradar.com//classifications/computing/software/operating-systems/images/best_linux_distro_2011/puppy525_01-580-90.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="580" /></figure><br />
<div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; width: 480px;"></div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">The best we've found is <a href="http://puppylinux.org/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;" wrc_done="true">Puppy</a> . It's a diminutive, yet fully functional, operating system that runs from your system's memory for extra speed. Just burn the 128MB ISO to a CD and boot. What's most impressive about Puppy is that while it may only be running from RAM, it still writes your changes back to the spare space on your CD or DVD boot media, getting the most from both possible worlds.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">But the best thing about version 5 is that it now uses the same package repository as Ubuntu. This gives you immediate access to thousands of the most popular packages and means that, while your installation may start small, it's likely to grow into the perfect fit for whatever hardware combination you're using.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Summary:</strong> Pull out that old machine from the loft, Puppy Linux will turn it into a fully fledged 2011 Linux powerhouse.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Also consider:</strong> <a href="http://www.slitaz.org/en/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;" wrc_done="true">Slitaz</a> </div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">5. The best distro for your desktop: Linux Mint 11</strong></div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Things have changed in the Linux distro hierarchy. With Ubuntu's switch to Unity and Fedora to Gnome Shell, there's now room for a first class distribution built around the old familiar Gnome environment.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Which is why <a href="http://www.linuxmint.com/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;" wrc_done="true">Linux Mint 11</a> is doing so well, despite its continual changes to the default options of the old desktop. Gnome's top-bar is still gone, for instance, leaving the lower status window as the only screen ornamentation. And the launch menu gets the same treatment, replacing Gnome's trio of 'Applications', 'Places' and 'Administration' with the singular Mint Menu.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"></div><br />
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<figure style="border-bottom-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; cursor: pointer; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: -1px; overflow-x: hidden; position: relative;"><img alt="Mint" src="http://cdn4.mos.techradar.com//classifications/computing/software/operating-systems/images/best_linux_distro_2011/mint11_01-580-90.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="580" /></figure><br />
<div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; width: 480px;"></div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Version 11 is another solid upgrade, adding a new-look software manager and many other artistic improvements. If you use a lot of applications and come from a Windows background, Mint offers a great version of the Gnome 2 desktop, and unlike Unity or Gnome Shell, won't require any mental re-adjusting.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Alongside Ubuntu's prodigious packages, Mint includes quite a few of its own. And there's still eye candy, thanks to Compiz and the desktop setting panel embedded within a custom Control Center application that's growing with each release. The end result is a distribution that stands on the shoulders of giants to become one of the best contenders for your desktop.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Summary:</strong> If you don't like Gnome Shell and Unity, this is one of the the best Gnome 2.x experiences you can have.</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"></div><div style="width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">6. The best distro for netbooks: Jolicloud 1.2</strong></div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">As we're now in the thick of another age of cloud computing, it's only fair that we look at a Linux distribution that's closer to the cloud than most.<a href="http://www.jolicloud.com/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Jolicloud</a> is an unusual distribution because it manages to bridge the gap between local applications and those online by creating its own desktop interface.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">It does this by linking your local user account to one on Jolicloud's servers, which are then used to manage your applications and data though Dropbox and Google Docs. You can install word processors, media tools like VLC, games and many other applications, many of which already have a cloud basis. But you don't notice.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">The desktop is cleverly designed to hide the custom browser when it's running so that you can't easily tell the difference between editing a Google doc online, for example, or using OpenOffice.org Writer.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"></div><br />
<br />
<figure style="border-bottom-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; cursor: pointer; font-size: 16px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: -1px; overflow-x: hidden; position: relative;"><img alt="Joli" src="http://cdn1.mos.techradar.com//classifications/computing/software/operating-systems/images/best_linux_distro_2011/jolicloud_01-580-90.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="580" /></figure><br />
<div style="width: 480px;"></div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Jolicloud saves its best trick for when you're travelling without a netbook. Your desktop can still be accessed online, even without your machine being on. Our favourite method is through a Google Chrome extension that turns Jolicloud into an app within your browser.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Log into this with your account details, and you'll get almost the same suite of applications and data you get on your netbook. There are differences, but it's still a massively useful addition, making Jolicloud a unique take on a Linux distribution.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Summary: </strong>Jolicloud 1.2 gives you access to your desktop wherever you are.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Also consider: </strong><a href="https://meego.com/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MeeGo 1.2</a></div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">7. The best distro for sys admins: Debian 6.0.1</strong></div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><a href="http://www.debian.org/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Debian</a> has become the paternal grandfather of the Linux new wave. Ubuntu, originally based on Debian, has inherited many of its strengths, including its package format, its breadth of packages, configuration files and locations.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">And as a result, so has Ubuntu's own derivatives, including Mint, Crunchbang and gOS. This gives Debian a great advantage. It's already going to feel familiar to millions of people who have never used it. And for that reason, it's the perfect choice for system administrators who have used one of its derivatives.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"></div><br />
<br />
<figure style="border-bottom-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; cursor: pointer; font-size: 16px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: -1px; overflow-x: hidden; position: relative;"><img alt="Debian" src="http://cdn3.mos.techradar.com//classifications/computing/software/operating-systems/images/best_linux_distro_2011/debian_01-580-90.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="580" /></figure><br />
<div style="width: 480px;"></div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">But there's another, more important, reason. Major version Debian releases are generally years apart, and the software that makes the final cut has been tested to the point of destruction. Version 6 took a little longer than planned, but was finally released in February. It builds on what is already the perfect platform for your own tools, utilities and solutions, and enables you to install almost anything you need through the package manager. A task that Fedora can't quite compete with.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Debian might not have the commercial backing of Fedora, but it's still enviably secure, bundling SELinux, the latest X server and desktops, and a new found ability to run as a Live CD, which is perfect for ad-hoc troubleshooting.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Summary:</strong> Part-named after the founder's girlfriend, Debian has matured into a stable, sensible and sober distribution for discerning Linux users.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Also consider:</strong> <a href="http://www.archlinux.org/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Arch Linux</a></div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">8. The best distro for the office: OpenSUSE 11.4</strong></div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">This is only distribution in our list to use the KDE desktop by default, and<a href="http://www.opensuse.org/en/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">OpenSuse</a> has chosen KDE for a good reason: the desktop is likely to feel most familiar in an office environment.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">KDE is often likened to Windows, and now that both Gnome and Ubuntu have taken big steps away from the old-fashioned desktop metaphor, it's likely that KDE will become a stronger alternative for those who still want windows, icons, menus and pointers.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">But there's some added complexity now that Novell is no longer independent and it's too early to say how committed Attachmate, its new owners, are to a Linux distribution - although each new release is still on schedule. But if your office systems are critical to your success, OpenSuse has both the pedigree and the functionality you'll need.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"></div><br />
<br />
<figure style="border-bottom-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; cursor: pointer; font-size: 16px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: -1px; overflow-x: hidden; position: relative;"><img alt="OpenSUSE" src="http://cdn1.mos.techradar.com//classifications/computing/software/operating-systems/images/best_linux_distro_2011/opensuse114_01-580-90.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="580" /></figure><br />
<div style="width: 480px;"></div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">It also helps that Novell and Attachmate still make a significant contribution to open source, especially now that OpenOffice.org is no longer relevant and LibreOffice has taken its place. However, at the same time, Attachmate reportedly laid-off its Mono developers in May, and while this project continues under new management, it's not clear what that might mean for the future of its inclusion in OpenSUSE.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Either way, OpenSUSE is still a great distribution for an office environment, with excellent commercial support if you need it.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Summary:</strong> Thanks to strong links with Microsoft, OpenSUSE is still a great option if your office needs to work with Office.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Also consider:</strong> <a href="http://www.mandriva.com/en/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Mandriva</a></div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">9. The best distro for servers: CentOS 5.6</strong></div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is almost untouchable in the business market. It's one of the most profitable and well supported areas of the Linux ecosystem, and as you might expect, it's expensive. It's only available if you're willing to pay for the service, support and upgrades, at prices that put it out of reach of cash-strapped upstarts.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">But RHEL is still open source, and while the binary packages might not be available, the source code for those packages has to be. Which is where<a href="http://www.centos.org/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CentOS</a> comes in. It takes the source code and rebuilds RHEL in its own image, feature for feature, for each release. It gets close enough to be almost 100% compatible with third-party RHEL packages, and is the best choice for many online projects that can't stretch to a supported RHEL contract.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"></div><br />
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<figure style="border-bottom-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; cursor: pointer; font-size: 16px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: -1px; overflow-x: hidden; position: relative;"><img alt="CentOS" src="http://cdn4.mos.techradar.com//classifications/computing/software/operating-systems/images/best_linux_distro_2011/centos56_01-580-90.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="580" /></figure><br />
<div style="width: 480px;"></div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Version 5.5 was released in May, less than two months after the equivalent RHEL release. You get the same packages, the same fixes, the same Gnome desktop and applications. The only thing missing is support, but the CentOS community is very active, and always more than happy to help, making CentOS the only option for real-world critical performance at almost no cost.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Summary:</strong> The only real difference between CentOS and RHEL is the logo and desktop themes.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Also consider: </strong><a href="http://www.pcbsd.org/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PC-BSD</a> (we know this isn't strictly Linux, but it's a brilliant BSD distribution)</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">10. The best distro for multimedia: Ubuntu Studio 11.04</strong></div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Linux has thousands of creative software titles, but the average distribution isn't always the best platform to use them. This is especially true of music software, which needs a specially configured kernel and a specific configuration of audio drivers to work at its best. Adjusting your everyday distribution to accommodate those changes isn't easy, which is why there are plenty of distributions that attempt to do the job for you.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">The best is <a href="http://ubuntustudio.org/" style="color: #0099cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Ubuntu Studio</a>. It's designed for music and audio, but you can install anything from the standard Ubuntu repositories. Thanks to the realtime kernel, audio latency is low, and you shouldn't have any problems running resource heavy applications like The Gimp loading a large image.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"></div><br />
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<figure style="border-bottom-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(178, 178, 178); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; cursor: pointer; font-size: 16px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: -1px; overflow-x: hidden; position: relative;"><img alt="Ubuntu studio" src="http://cdn9.mos.techradar.com//classifications/computing/software/operating-systems/images/best_linux_distro_2011/studio_01-580-90.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="580" /></figure><br />
<div style="width: 480px;"></div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">You won't have to hunt around for the best software either, as the developers have chosen the cream of creative applications to install by default, including audio, video and graphics editors and a customised desktop.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">The latest version, for example, is a 1.5GB DVD image, rather than the CD size of Ubuntu, and installation from this can save you a lot of time. But the best thing about this distribution is that it includes a working 'Jack' configuration, a low-latency audio layer that can transform your Linux desktop into a virtual recording studio. A task that isn't very straightforward without a little help.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Summary:</strong> Forget the complexity of building a working music studio yourself. Just run Ubuntu Studio and start recording.</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-top: 10px; width: 480px;">Source from (techradar.com)</div></div>Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-88790671858539647352011-06-28T23:22:00.003+07:002012-03-28T17:05:43.630+07:00Linux commands with examplesWhen you are using Linux command line frequently, using the history effectively can be a major productivity boost. In fact, once you have mastered the 15 examples that I’ve provided here, you’ll find using command line more enjoyable and fun.<br />
<b>1. Display timestamp using HISTTIMEFORMAT</b><br />
<br />
Typically when you type history from command line, it displays the command# and the command. For auditing purpose, it may be beneficial to display the timepstamp along with the command as shown below.<br />
<br />
# export HISTTIMEFORMAT='%F %T '<br />
# history | more<br />
1 2008-08-05 19:02:39 service network restart<br />
2 2008-08-05 19:02:39 exit<br />
3 2008-08-05 19:02:39 id<br />
4 2008-08-05 19:02:39 cat /etc/redhat-release<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<b>2. Search the history using Control+R</b><br />
<br />
I strongly believe, this may be your most frequently used feature of history. When you’ve already executed a very long command, you can simply search history using a keyword and re-execute the same command without having to type it fully. Press Control+R and type the keyword. In the following example, I searched for red, which displayed the previous command “cat /etc/redhat-release” in the history that contained the word red.<br />
<br />
# [Press Ctrl+R from the command prompt,<br />
which will display the reverse-i-search prompt]<br />
(reverse-i-search)`red': cat /etc/redhat-release<br />
[Note: Press enter when you see your command,<br />
which will execute the command from the history]<br />
# cat /etc/redhat-release<br />
Fedora release 9 (Sulphur)<br />
Sometimes you want to edit a command from history before executing it. For e.g. you can search for httpd, which will display service httpd stop from the command history, select this command and change the stop to start and re-execute it again as shown below.<br />
<br />
# [Press Ctrl+R from the command prompt,<br />
which will display the reverse-i-search prompt]<br />
(reverse-i-search)`httpd': service httpd stop<br />
[Note: Press either left arrow or right arrow key when you see your<br />
command, which will display the command for you to edit, before executing it]<br />
# service httpd start<br />
<b>3. Repeat previous command quickly using 4 different methods</b><br />
<br />
Sometime you may end up repeating the previous commands for various reasons. Following are the 4 different ways to repeat the last executed command.<br />
<br />
Use the up arrow to view the previous command and press enter to execute it.<br />
Type !! and press enter from the command line<br />
Type !-1 and press enter from the command line.<br />
Press Control+P will display the previous command, press enter to execute it<br />
<b>4. Execute a specific command from history</b><br />
<br />
In the following example, If you want to repeat the command #4, you can do !4 as shown below.<br />
<br />
# history | more<br />
1 service network restart<br />
2 exit<br />
3 id<br />
4 cat /etc/redhat-release<br />
<br />
# !4<br />
cat /etc/redhat-release<br />
Fedora release 9 (Sulphur)<br />
<b>5. Execute previous command that starts with a specific word</b><br />
<br />
Type ! followed by the starting few letters of the command that you would like to re-execute. In the following example, typing !ps and enter, executed the previous command starting with ps, which is ‘ps aux | grep yp’.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
# !ps<br />
ps aux | grep yp<br />
root 16947 0.0 0.1 36516 1264 ? Sl 13:10 0:00 ypbind<br />
root 17503 0.0 0.0 4124 740 pts/0 S+ 19:19 0:00 grep yp<br />
<b>6. Control the total number of lines in the history using HISTSIZE</b><br />
<br />
Append the following two lines to the .bash_profile and relogin to the bash shell again to see the change. In this example, only 450 command will be stored in the bash history.<br />
<br />
# vi ~/.bash_profile<br />
HISTSIZE=450<br />
HISTFILESIZE=450<br />
<b>7. Change the history file name using HISTFILE</b><br />
<br />
By default, history is stored in ~/.bash_history file. Add the following line to the .bash_profile and relogin to the bash shell, to store the history command in .commandline_warrior file instead of .bash_history file. I’m yet to figure out a practical use for this. I can see this getting used when you want to track commands executed from different terminals using different history file name.<br />
<br />
# vi ~/.bash_profile<br />
HISTFILE=/root/.commandline_warrior<br />
If you have a good reason to change the name of the history file, please share it with me, as I’m interested in finding out how you are using this feature.<br />
<br />
<b>8. Eliminate the continuous repeated entry from history using HISTCONTROL</b><br />
<br />
In the following example pwd was typed three times, when you do history, you can see all the 3 continuous occurrences of it. To eliminate duplicates, set HISTCONTROL to ignoredups as shown below.<br />
<br />
# pwd<br />
# pwd<br />
# pwd<br />
# history | tail -4<br />
44 pwd<br />
45 pwd<br />
46 pwd [Note that there are three pwd commands in history, after<br />
executing pwd 3 times as shown above]<br />
47 history | tail -4<br />
<br />
# export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups<br />
# pwd<br />
# pwd<br />
# pwd<br />
# history | tail -3<br />
56 export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups<br />
57 pwd [Note that there is only one pwd command in the history, even after<br />
executing pwd 3 times as shown above]<br />
58 history | tail -4<br />
<b>9. Erase duplicates across the whole history using HISTCONTROL</b><br />
<br />
The ignoredups shown above removes duplicates only if they are consecutive commands. To eliminate duplicates across the whole history, set the HISTCONTROL to erasedups as shown below.<br />
<br />
# export HISTCONTROL=erasedups<br />
# pwd<br />
# service httpd stop<br />
# history | tail -3<br />
38 pwd<br />
39 service httpd stop<br />
40 history | tail -3<br />
<br />
# ls -ltr<br />
# service httpd stop<br />
# history | tail -6<br />
35 export HISTCONTROL=erasedups<br />
36 pwd<br />
37 history | tail -3<br />
38 ls -ltr<br />
39 service httpd stop<br />
[Note that the previous service httpd stop after pwd got erased]<br />
40 history | tail -6<br />
<b>10. Force history not to remember a particular command using HISTCONTROL</b><br />
<br />
When you execute a command, you can instruct history to ignore the command by setting HISTCONTROL to ignorespace AND typing a space in front of the command as shown below. I can see lot of junior sysadmins getting excited about this, as they can hide a command from the history. It is good to understand how ignorespace works. But, as a best practice, don’t hide purposefully anything from history.<br />
<br />
# export HISTCONTROL=ignorespace<br />
# ls -ltr<br />
# pwd<br />
# service httpd stop [Note that there is a space at the beginning of service,<br />
to ignore this command from history]<br />
# history | tail -3<br />
67 ls -ltr<br />
68 pwd<br />
69 history | tail -3<br />
<b>11. Clear all the previous history using option -c</b><br />
<br />
Sometime you may want to clear all the previous history, but want to keep the history moving forward.<br />
<br />
# history -c<br />
<b>12. Subtitute words from history commands</b><br />
<br />
When you are searching through history, you may want to execute a different command but use the same parameter from the command that you’ve just searched.<br />
<br />
In the example below, the !!:$ next to the vi command gets the argument from the previous command to the current command.<br />
<br />
# ls anaconda-ks.cfg<br />
anaconda-ks.cfg<br />
# vi !!:$<br />
vi anaconda-ks.cfg<br />
In the example below, the !^ next to the vi command gets the first argument from the previous command (i.e cp command) to the current command (i.e vi command).<br />
<br />
# cp anaconda-ks.cfg anaconda-ks.cfg.bak<br />
anaconda-ks.cfg<br />
# vi !^<br />
vi anaconda-ks.cfg<br />
<b>13. Substitute a specific argument for a specific command.</b><br />
<br />
In the example below, !cp:2 searches for the previous command in history that starts with cp and takes the second argument of cp and substitutes it for the ls -l command as shown below.<br />
<br />
# cp ~/longname.txt /really/a/very/long/path/long-filename.txt<br />
# ls -l !cp:2When you are using Linux command line frequently, using the history effectively can be a major productivity boost. In fact, once you have mastered the 15 examples that I’ve provided here, you’ll find using command line more enjoyable and fun.<br />
<br />
1. Display timestamp using HISTTIMEFORMAT<br />
<br />
Typically when you type history from command line, it displays the command# and the command. For auditing purpose, it may be beneficial to display the timepstamp along with the command as shown below.<br />
<br />
# export HISTTIMEFORMAT='%F %T '<br />
# history | more<br />
1 2008-08-05 19:02:39 service network restart<br />
2 2008-08-05 19:02:39 exit<br />
3 2008-08-05 19:02:39 id<br />
4 2008-08-05 19:02:39 cat /etc/redhat-release<br />
2. Search the history using Control+R<br />
<br />
I strongly believe, this may be your most frequently used feature of history. When you’ve already executed a very long command, you can simply search history using a keyword and re-execute the same command without having to type it fully. Press Control+R and type the keyword. In the following example, I searched for red, which displayed the previous command “cat /etc/redhat-release” in the history that contained the word red.<br />
<br />
# [Press Ctrl+R from the command prompt,<br />
which will display the reverse-i-search prompt]<br />
(reverse-i-search)`red': cat /etc/redhat-release<br />
[Note: Press enter when you see your command,<br />
which will execute the command from the history]<br />
# cat /etc/redhat-release<br />
Fedora release 9 (Sulphur)<br />
Sometimes you want to edit a command from history before executing it. For e.g. you can search for httpd, which will display service httpd stop from the command history, select this command and change the stop to start and re-execute it again as shown below.<br />
<br />
# [Press Ctrl+R from the command prompt,<br />
which will display the reverse-i-search prompt]<br />
(reverse-i-search)`httpd': service httpd stop<br />
[Note: Press either left arrow or right arrow key when you see your<br />
command, which will display the command for you to edit, before executing it]<br />
# service httpd start<br />
3. Repeat previous command quickly using 4 different methods<br />
<br />
Sometime you may end up repeating the previous commands for various reasons. Following are the 4 different ways to repeat the last executed command.<br />
<br />
Use the up arrow to view the previous command and press enter to execute it.<br />
Type !! and press enter from the command line<br />
Type !-1 and press enter from the command line.<br />
Press Control+P will display the previous command, press enter to execute it<br />
4. Execute a specific command from history<br />
<br />
In the following example, If you want to repeat the command #4, you can do !4 as shown below.<br />
<br />
# history | more<br />
1 service network restart<br />
2 exit<br />
3 id<br />
4 cat /etc/redhat-release<br />
<br />
# !4<br />
cat /etc/redhat-release<br />
Fedora release 9 (Sulphur)<br />
5. Execute previous command that starts with a specific word<br />
<br />
Type ! followed by the starting few letters of the command that you would like to re-execute. In the following example, typing !ps and enter, executed the previous command starting with ps, which is ‘ps aux | grep yp’.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
# !ps<br />
ps aux | grep yp<br />
root 16947 0.0 0.1 36516 1264 ? Sl 13:10 0:00 ypbind<br />
root 17503 0.0 0.0 4124 740 pts/0 S+ 19:19 0:00 grep yp<br />
6. Control the total number of lines in the history using HISTSIZE<br />
<br />
Append the following two lines to the .bash_profile and relogin to the bash shell again to see the change. In this example, only 450 command will be stored in the bash history.<br />
<br />
# vi ~/.bash_profile<br />
HISTSIZE=450<br />
HISTFILESIZE=450<br />
7. Change the history file name using HISTFILE<br />
<br />
By default, history is stored in ~/.bash_history file. Add the following line to the .bash_profile and relogin to the bash shell, to store the history command in .commandline_warrior file instead of .bash_history file. I’m yet to figure out a practical use for this. I can see this getting used when you want to track commands executed from different terminals using different history file name.<br />
<br />
# vi ~/.bash_profile<br />
HISTFILE=/root/.commandline_warrior<br />
If you have a good reason to change the name of the history file, please share it with me, as I’m interested in finding out how you are using this feature.<br />
<br />
8. Eliminate the continuous repeated entry from history using HISTCONTROL<br />
<br />
In the following example pwd was typed three times, when you do history, you can see all the 3 continuous occurrences of it. To eliminate duplicates, set HISTCONTROL to ignoredups as shown below.<br />
<br />
# pwd<br />
# pwd<br />
# pwd<br />
# history | tail -4<br />
44 pwd<br />
45 pwd<br />
46 pwd [Note that there are three pwd commands in history, after<br />
executing pwd 3 times as shown above]<br />
47 history | tail -4<br />
<br />
# export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups<br />
# pwd<br />
# pwd<br />
# pwd<br />
# history | tail -3<br />
56 export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups<br />
57 pwd [Note that there is only one pwd command in the history, even after<br />
executing pwd 3 times as shown above]<br />
58 history | tail -4<br />
9. Erase duplicates across the whole history using HISTCONTROL<br />
<br />
The ignoredups shown above removes duplicates only if they are consecutive commands. To eliminate duplicates across the whole history, set the HISTCONTROL to erasedups as shown below.<br />
<br />
# export HISTCONTROL=erasedups<br />
# pwd<br />
# service httpd stop<br />
# history | tail -3<br />
38 pwd<br />
39 service httpd stop<br />
40 history | tail -3<br />
<br />
# ls -ltr<br />
# service httpd stop<br />
# history | tail -6<br />
35 export HISTCONTROL=erasedups<br />
36 pwd<br />
37 history | tail -3<br />
38 ls -ltr<br />
39 service httpd stop<br />
[Note that the previous service httpd stop after pwd got erased]<br />
40 history | tail -6<br />
10. Force history not to remember a particular command using HISTCONTROL<br />
<br />
When you execute a command, you can instruct history to ignore the command by setting HISTCONTROL to ignorespace AND typing a space in front of the command as shown below. I can see lot of junior sysadmins getting excited about this, as they can hide a command from the history. It is good to understand how ignorespace works. But, as a best practice, don’t hide purposefully anything from history.<br />
<br />
# export HISTCONTROL=ignorespace<br />
# ls -ltr<br />
# pwd<br />
# service httpd stop [Note that there is a space at the beginning of service,<br />
to ignore this command from history]<br />
# history | tail -3<br />
67 ls -ltr<br />
68 pwd<br />
69 history | tail -3<br />
11. Clear all the previous history using option -c<br />
<br />
Sometime you may want to clear all the previous history, but want to keep the history moving forward.<br />
<br />
# history -c<br />
12. Subtitute words from history commands<br />
<br />
When you are searching through history, you may want to execute a different command but use the same parameter from the command that you’ve just searched.<br />
<br />
In the example below, the !!:$ next to the vi command gets the argument from the previous command to the current command.<br />
<br />
# ls anaconda-ks.cfg<br />
anaconda-ks.cfg<br />
# vi !!:$<br />
vi anaconda-ks.cfg<br />
In the example below, the !^ next to the vi command gets the first argument from the previous command (i.e cp command) to the current command (i.e vi command).<br />
<br />
# cp anaconda-ks.cfg anaconda-ks.cfg.bak<br />
anaconda-ks.cfg<br />
# vi !^<br />
vi anaconda-ks.cfg<br />
13. Substitute a specific argument for a specific command.<br />
<br />
In the example below, !cp:2 searches for the previous command in history that starts with cp and takes the second argument of cp and substitutes it for the ls -l command as shown below.<br />
<br />
# cp ~/longname.txt /really/a/very/long/path/long-filename.txt<br />
# ls -l !cp:2<br />
ls -l /really/a/very/long/path/long-filename.txt<br />
In the example below, !cp:$ searches for the previous command in history that starts with cp and takes the last argument (in this case, which is also the second argument as shown above) of cp and substitutes it for the ls -l command as shown below.<br />
<br />
# ls -l !cp:$<br />
ls -l /really/a/very/long/path/long-filename.txt<br />
<b>14. Disable the usage of history using HISTSIZE</b><br />
<br />
If you want to disable history all together and don’t want bash shell to remember the commands you’ve typed, set the HISTSIZE to 0 as shown below.<br />
<br />
# export HISTSIZE=0<br />
# history<br />
# [Note that history did not display anything]<br />
<b>15. Ignore specific commands from the history using HISTIGNORE</b><br />
<br />
Sometimes you may not want to clutter your history with basic commands such as pwd and ls. Use HISTIGNORE to specify all the commands that you want to ignore from the history. Please note that adding ls to the HISTIGNORE ignores only ls and not ls -l. So, you have to provide the exact command that you would like to ignore from the history.<br />
<br />
# export HISTIGNORE="pwd:ls:ls -ltr:"<br />
# pwd<br />
# ls<br />
# ls -ltr<br />
# service httpd stop<br />
<br />
# history | tail -3<br />
79 export HISTIGNORE="pwd:ls:ls -ltr:"<br />
80 service httpd stop<br />
81 history<br />
[Note that history did not record pwd, ls and ls -ltr]<br />
Recommended Reading<br />
<br />
Bash Cookbook, by Carl Albing, JP Vossen and Cameron Newham. Bash is a very powerful shell. This book will help you to master the bash shell and become highly productive. Whether you are a sysadmin, DBA or a developer, you have to write shell script at some point. A wise sysadmin knows that once you’ve mastered the shell-scripting techniques, you can put your servers on auto-pilot mode by letting the shell-scripts do the grunt work. To get to the auto-pilot mode of sysadmin, you definitely need to master the examples provided in this cookbook. There are quiet few Bash shell books out there. But, this books tops them all by giving lot of detailed examples.<br />
ls -l /really/a/very/long/path/long-filename.txt<br />
In the example below, !cp:$ searches for the previous command in history that starts with cp and takes the last argument (in this case, which is also the second argument as shown above) of cp and substitutes it for the ls -l command as shown below.<br />
<br />
# ls -l !cp:$<br />
ls -l /really/a/very/long/path/long-filename.txt<br />
14. Disable the usage of history using HISTSIZE<br />
<br />
If you want to disable history all together and don’t want bash shell to remember the commands you’ve typed, set the HISTSIZE to 0 as shown below.<br />
<br />
# export HISTSIZE=0<br />
# history<br />
# [Note that history did not display anything]<br />
15. Ignore specific commands from the history using HISTIGNORE<br />
<br />
Sometimes you may not want to clutter your history with basic commands such as pwd and ls. Use HISTIGNORE to specify all the commands that you want to ignore from the history. Please note that adding ls to the HISTIGNORE ignores only ls and not ls -l. So, you have to provide the exact command that you would like to ignore from the history.<br />
<br />
# export HISTIGNORE="pwd:ls:ls -ltr:"<br />
# pwd<br />
# ls<br />
# ls -ltr<br />
# service httpd stop<br />
<br />
# history | tail -3<br />
79 export HISTIGNORE="pwd:ls:ls -ltr:"<br />
80 service httpd stop<br />
81 history<br />
[Note that history did not record pwd, ls and ls -ltr]<br />
Recommended Reading<br />
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Bash Cookbook, by Carl Albing, JP Vossen and Cameron Newham. Bash is a very powerful shell. This book will help you to master the bash shell and become highly productive. Whether you are a sysadmin, DBA or a developer, you have to write shell script at some point. A wise sysadmin knows that once you’ve mastered the shell-scripting techniques, you can put your servers on auto-pilot mode by letting the shell-scripts do the grunt work. To get to the auto-pilot mode of sysadmin, you definitely need to master the examples provided in this cookbook. There are quiet few Bash shell books out there. But, this books tops them all by giving lot of detailed examples.Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-6662900306523062372011-06-28T23:12:00.002+07:002011-06-28T23:12:50.086+07:00Linux at Command<script type="text/javascript">
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<div style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Monaco,'Courier New',sans-serif;"></span></span></span></div><pre style="border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: small;">// linux at <span class="nb" style="border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">command</span>
> at 03:30 -v
> nohup php -f /x/x/x.php > /x/x/logs
> nohup php -f /rg/repos/trunk/import/importxx-2009.php > ~rbanh/importlogs2009
> <span class="o" style="border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span>Ctrl+D<span class="o" style="border-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span>
> atq // to view queue
> atrm 1 // cancel job 1
> at 1am tomorrow -v // tomorrow 1am<a name='more'></a></span></pre>Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-60223932104767729292011-06-28T23:05:00.000+07:002011-06-28T23:05:22.370+07:00Linux Command find<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.maxgames.me" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://img.ehowcdn.com/article-page-main/ehow/images/a07/83/hk/command-date-limits-linux-800x800.jpg" /></a></div><script type="text/javascript"><!--
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<br />
The following examples illustrate typical uses of the command find for finding files on a computer. <br />
<br />
find / -name game<br />
<br />
Looks for a file named "game" starting at the root directory (searching all directories including mounted filesystems). The `-name' option makes the search case sensitive. You can use the `-iname' option to find something regardless of case. <br />
<br />
find /home -user joe<br />
<br />
Find every file under the directory /home owned by the user joe. <br />
<br />
find /usr -name *stat<br />
<br />
Find every file under the directory /usr ending in "stat". <br />
<br />
find /var/spool -mtime +60<br />
<br />
Find every file under the directory /var/spool that was modified more than 60 days ago. <br />
<br />
find /tmp -name core -type f -print | xargs /bin/rm -f<br />
<br />
Find files named core in or below the directory /tmp and delete them. Note that this will work incorrectly if there are any filenames containing newlines, single or double quotes, or spaces. <br />
<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a>find /tmp -name core -type f -print0 | xargs -0 /bin/rm -f<br />
<br />
Find files named core in or below the directory /tmp and delete them, processing filenames in such a way that file or directory names containing single or double quotes, spaces or newlines are correctly handled. The -name test comes before the -type test in order to avoid having to call stat(2) on every file. <br />
<br />
find . -type f -exec file '{}' \;<br />
<br />
Runs `file' on every file in or below the current directory. Notice that the braces are enclosed in single quote marks to protect them from interpretation as shell script punctuation. The semicolon is similarly protected by the use of a backslash, though ';' could have been used in that case also. <br />
<br />
find / \( -perm -4000 -fprintf /root/suid.txt '%#m %u %p\n' \), \<br />
\( -size +100M -fprintf /root/big.txt '%-10s %p\n' \)<br />
<br />
Traverse the filesystem just once, listing setuid files and directories into /root/suid.txt and large files into /root/big.txt. <br />
<br />
find $HOME -mtime 0<br />
<br />
Search for files in your home directory which have been modified in the last twenty-four hours. This command works this way because the time since each file was last modified is divided by 24 hours and any remainder is discarded. That means that to match -mtime 0, a file will have to have a modification in the past which is less than 24 hours ago. <br />
<br />
find . -perm 664<br />
<br />
Search for files which have read and write permission for their owner, and group, but which other users can read but not write to. Files which meet these criteria but have other permissions bits set (for example if someone can execute the file) will not be matched. <br />
<br />
find . -perm -664<br />
<br />
Search for files which have read and write permission for their owner and group, and which other users can read, without regard to the presence of any extra permission bits (for example the executable bit). This will match a file which has mode 0777, for example. <br />
<br />
find . -perm /222<br />
<br />
Search for files which are writable by somebody (their owner, or their group, or anybody else). <br />
<br />
find . -perm /220<br />
find . -perm /u+w,g+w<br />
find . -perm /u=w,g=w<br />
<br />
All three of these commands do the same thing, but the first one uses the octal representation of the file mode, and the other two use the symbolic form. These commands all search for files which are writable by either their owner or their group. The files don't have to be writable by both the owner and group to be matched; either will do. <br />
<br />
find . -perm -220<br />
find . -perm -g+w,u+w<br />
<br />
Both these commands do the same thing; search for files which are writable by both their owner and their group. <br />
<br />
find . -perm -444 -perm /222 ! -perm /111<br />
find . -perm -a+r -perm /a+w ! -perm /a+x<br />
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<br />
<br />
These two commands both search for files that are readable for everybody (-perm -444 or -perm -a+r), have at least on write bit set (-perm /222 or -perm /a+w) but are not executable for anybody (! -perm /111 and ! -perm /a+x respectively)Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-72190547827073251572011-03-25T10:43:00.001+07:002011-03-25T10:44:32.831+07:00Install Debian GNU/Linux 6.0<table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num"><br />
</td> <td>[1] Insert a disk for installation of Debian GNU/Linux 6.0 and reboot your computer. The screen of selecting language. Choose it and go next. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="283" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/1.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
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<table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[2]</td> <td>Select your language. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="284" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/2.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num"><br />
<a name='more'></a>[3]</td> <td>Select your time-zone. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="284" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/3.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[4]</td> <td>Select the locale. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="244" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/4.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[5]</td> <td>Select your keyboard layout. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="320" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/5.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[6]</td> <td>Set your server's hostname you'd like to set. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="154" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/6.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[7]</td> <td>Set your network domain name. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="148" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/7.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[8]</td> <td>Set root password. If you will use root priviledge with sudo, Go next without inputing any one on here. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="217" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/8.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[9]</td> <td>Set a User Account. Input user's ful name on here. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="158" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/9.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[10]</td> <td>Set user name that is used on the system. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="129" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/10.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[11]</td> <td>Set user's password. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="129" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/11.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[12]</td> <td>Set partition layouts. This example shows to use entire disk and set LVM. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="184" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/12.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[13]</td> <td>Select a disk to configure partitions. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="236" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/13.jpg" width="700" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[14]</td> <td>Select partition layouts. This example shows to set only one partition (= /). </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="176" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/14.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[15]</td> <td>Answer 'Yes' If it's OK all. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="168" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/15.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[16]</td> <td>Partitions you set are listed all. If it's OK all, Select 'Finish' and go next. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="233" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/16.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[17]</td> <td>Answer 'Yes' if it's OK to change the disk for new partiton layouts. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="218" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/17.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[18]</td> <td>If you'd like to use another CD/DVD media for installation, Answer 'Yes', or it's 'No' if not. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="198" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/18.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[19]</td> <td>Set mirror site. If you'd like to use it, Answer 'Yes'. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="134" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/19.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[20]</td> <td>Select a country that mirror site is placed you'd like to use. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="288" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/20.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[21]</td> <td>Select a mirror site. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="225" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/21.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[22]</td> <td>If you use proxy, set it. If not, go next without inputing any one. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="154" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/22.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[23]</td> <td>Participate in the package usage survey positively. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="167" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/23.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[24]</td> <td>Select Software group you'd like to install. Configure minimum settings at the first. Go next without checking any boxes. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="214" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/24.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[25]</td> <td>This is Grub settings section. Generally, answer 'Yes'. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="157" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/25.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[26]</td> <td>Instalattion just finished. Eject the disk and Continue, then the system will reboot automatically. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" class="img" height="116" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/26.jpg" width="400" /> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="num">[27]</td> <td>Login prompt is shown as follows after booting the system. Login with a user you set during installation or root. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td></td> <td><br />
<br />
<img alt="" class="img" height="37" src="http://server-world.info/en/Debian_6.0/install/img/27.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
Source (Internet)Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-87230486417028719632011-03-14T09:46:00.002+07:002011-03-14T09:47:54.058+07:00Turn Your Ubuntu Hardy to Mac OSX Leopard You can’t really turn a <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/">Linux system</a> to a Mac, but you definitely can make your <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> Hardy looks like a Mac OSX Leopard.<br />
If you want to change this<br />
<img alt="ubuntu-desktop-original" class="alignnone" height="227" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/ubuntu-desktop-original.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="304" /> <br />
<img alt="ubuntu-leopard-screenshot" class="alignnone" height="192" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/ubuntu-leopard-screenshot.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="304" /><br />
follow the steps below.<br />
<span id="more-631"></span><br />
<b><i>Before we start…</i></b><br />
First, create a folder in your Home and name it <i>Mac_files.</i> Download the following files to the Mac_files folder.<br />
<ul><li><a href="http://maketecheasier.com/a/Mac4Lin_modified_theme/" target="_blank">Modified Mac4Lin theme</a></li>
<li><a href="http://maketecheasier.com/a/Mac4Lin_Icons_modified/" target="_blank">Mac4Lin icon set</a></li>
<li><a href="http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mac4lin/Mac4Lin_Wallpapers_Part3_v0.4.tar.gz?modtime=1198007584&big_mirror=0&filesize=12555519" target="_blank">Mac4Lin wallpaper</a></li>
<li><a href="http://gnome-look.org/CONTENT/content-files/66381-Elegant_glass.tgz" target="_blank">Avant Windows Manager elegant glass theme</a></li>
</ul>Using Archive manager, extract the <del datetime="2008-07-29T03:09:17+00:00"></del><br />
three Mac4Lin zip files<br />
<i>Modified Mac4Lin theme</i> and <i>Mac4Lin wallpaper</i> to the <i>Mac_files</i> folder.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<h3>Apply Mac OSX Leopard Theme</h3>Go to <i>System->Preferences->Appearance</i>.<br />
<img alt="appearance" class="alignnone" height="403" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/appearance.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="454" /><br />
Select <i>Install</i> and select the <i>Mac4Lin GTK theme</i> <i>(/home/username/Mac_files/Mac4Lin_v0.4/GTK Metacity Theme/Mac4Lin_GTK_v0.4.tar.gz</i>).<br />
<img alt="appearance-select-gtk-theme" class="alignnone" height="316" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/appearance-select-gtk-theme.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="454" /><br />
Next, click <i>Install</i> again and select the <i>Mac4Lin icon theme</i>. <i>(<del datetime="2008-07-29T03:09:17+00:00"></del></i><br />
<i>/home/username/Mac_files/Mac4Lin_Icons_Part2_v0.4.tar.gz</i><br />
<i> /home/username/Mac_files/Mac4Lin_Icons_modified.tar.gz)</i>. When prompted, select “<i>Apply new themes</i>“.<br />
Click <i>Install</i> again and select the <i>Mac4Lin mouse cursor theme</i>. <i>(/home/username/Mac_files/Mac4Lin_v0.4/GTK Cursor Theme/Mac4Lin_Cursors_v0.4.tar.gz</i>). Select “<i>Apply new themes</i>” when prompted.<br />
<img alt="appearance-cursor-apply-theme" class="alignnone" height="169" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/appearance-cursor-apply-theme.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="404" /><br />
Click ‘<i>customize’</i> and choose <i>Mac4Lin_GTK_v0.4</i>. Go to the “<i>Window border”</i> tab, choose <i>Mac4Lin_GTK_v0.4</i>. Click Close.<br />
<img alt="appearance-customize" class="alignnone" height="440" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/appearance-customize.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="335" /><br />
On the top, go to the <i>Background</i> tab. Click <i>Add</i> and select the Leopard wallpaper. <i>(/home/username/Mac_files/Wallpapers/Leopard.jpg</i>). Click <i>Close</i> to terminate the Appearance window<br />
<img alt="appearance-select-wallpaper" class="alignnone" height="397" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/appearance-select-wallpaper.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="454" /><br />
<h3>Install the Dock (Avant Window Navigator)</h3>Open a terminal (<i>Applications->Accessories->Terminal</i>) and type<br />
<div class="codeblock">gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list</div>and add the following lines to the end of the file:<br />
<div class="codeblock">deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/awn-testing/ubuntu hardy main<br />
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/awn-testing/ubuntu hardy main</div>Save and close the file. In your terminal, type<br />
<div class="codeblock">sudo apt-get update<br />
sudo apt-get install avant-window-navigator-trunk awn-manager-trunk awn-extras-applets-trunk</div>Go to <i>System->Preferences->AWN manager</i>. On the left, click on the <i>Theme</i>. On the right, click <i>Add</i> and navigate to the <i>Mac_files</i> folder. Select the <i>Elegant_glass.tgz file</i>. Check the bullet beside the Elegant glass theme and click <i>Apply</i>.<br />
<img alt="awn-select-theme" class="alignnone" height="361" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/awn-select-theme.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="454" /><br />
Next on the left, click on the <i>Applet</i> icon. On the right, scroll down to the stack Applet. Highlight it, then click Activate. This will add the Mac Leopard stack to your dock.<br />
<img alt="awn-select-applet" class="alignnone" height="362" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/awn-select-applet.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="454" /><br />
Before you launch the AWN, remove the bottom panel from the desktop first. Right click on the bottom panel and select “<i>delete this panel”</i>. Open AWN via <i>Applications->Accessories->Avant Window Navigator</i>. Once it is activated, you can simply drag and drop the applications into the dock.<br />
<b>Install OSX Fonts</b><br />
Open a terminal and type the following:<br />
<div class="codeblock">sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts</div>This will Install the Microsoft core fonts.<br />
Next, copy the OSX fonts to the fonts folder<br />
<div class="codeblock">cd /usr/share/fonts<br />
sudo tar xvzf /home/username/Mac_files/Mac4Lin_v0.4/Fonts/OSX_Fonts.tar.gz</div>Configure the fonts:<br />
<div class="codeblock">cd/<br />
sudo tar xvjpf /home/username/Mac_files/Mac4Lin_v0.4/Fonts/fontconfig.tbz -C /etc/fonts</div>Open the Appearance window (<i>System->Preferences->Appearance</i>) and select <i>Fonts</i> tab. Select the following fonts according to the image below. Click Close.<br />
<img alt="appearance-configure-fonts" class="alignnone" height="368" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/appearance-configure-fonts.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="454" /><br />
<h3>Change the traffic light window control to the left</h3>In the terminal, type<br />
<div class="codeblock">gconf-editor</div>This will bring up the gconf-editor window. Scroll down to <i>App->Metacity->general</i>. On the right, double click on the button_layout and change the content to <i>‘close,minimize,maximize:menu’</i> (without the quote). Click <i>Ok</i> and close the gconf-editor.<br />
<img alt="gconf-editor" class="alignnone" height="321" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/gconf-editor.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="400" /><br />
<img alt="gconf-editor2" class="alignnone" height="192" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/gconf-editor2.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="337" /><br />
<h3>Change the menubar</h3>Remove all the icon and applications on the left side of the top panel. Right-click on the icon and select <i>‘Remove from panel</i>‘. You will left with something like this:<br />
<img alt="menubar-remove-icon" class="alignnone" height="18" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/menubar-remove-icon.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="554" /><br />
On the right of the top panel, remove the logout icon. Still on the right hand side of the top panel, right click and select <i>‘Add to panel</i>‘. Scroll down the list and add <i>‘Search for files</i>‘. This will add the spotlight icon to the panel.<br />
<img alt="menubar-add-search" class="alignnone" height="423" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/menubar-add-search.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="454" /><br />
On the extreme left, right-click and select <i>‘Add to panel</i>‘. Scroll down the list and add <i>‘Main Menu</i>‘. This will add the apple icon on the left. You can now log out and shut down from the Apple dropdown menu (same as Mac OSX).<br />
<img alt="menubar-add-mainmenu" class="alignnone" height="423" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/menubar-add-mainmenu.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="454" /><br />
Next, we are going to install <i>globalmenu</i> so as to display the menubar for each application. In your terminal,<br />
<div class="codeblock">cd Mac_files<br />
wget http://gnome2-globalmenu.googlecode.com/files/gnome-globalmenu-0.4-svn964.tar.gz<br />
tar zxvf gnome-globalmenu-0.4-svn964.tar.gz<br />
cd globalmenu<br />
sudo dpkg -i *.deb</div>If you have any errors when installing the package, try<br />
<div class="codeblock">sudo dpkg -i –force-overwrite *.deb</div>If you are having some installation problems with the <i>gnome-globalmenu-applet</i>, try<br />
<div class="codeblock">sudo apt-get install -f</div>Once finished, right click on the top panel and select <i>‘Add to panel</i>‘. Scroll down the list and add <i>‘Global Menu Applet</i>‘.<br />
<img alt="menubar-add-globalmenu" class="alignnone" height="420" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/menubar-add-globalmenu.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="454" /><br />
You might not see anything initially. Log out and log in again, you should now see the menubar for each application showing on the panel.<br />
If your <i>globalmenu</i> is of a different shade of grey from the rest of the panel (as shown in the image below), right click on any empty space on the panel and select ‘<i>Properties</i>‘. Go to Background tab and select <i>‘Background image’</i>. Under the selection, go to <i>/home/username/.themes/Mac4Lin_GTK_v0.4/gtk-2.0/Panel</i> and select <i>panel-bg.png</i>. Click OK. (<b>Updated</b>: If you can’t find the <i>.themes </i>folder, right-click and select ‘<i>show hidden files</i>‘.)<br />
<img alt="globalmenu-w-darkbg" class="alignnone" height="13" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/globalmenu-w-darkbg.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="400" /><br />
Drag the <i>globalmenu</i> to the left just beside the Apple icon. Right click on the globalmenu and select <i>‘Preferences’</i>. Tick the box beside <i>‘Display the title of the current application</i>‘ and put maximum width 100. Select the font to be <i>Lucida Grande Bold</i>. Click <i>Apply</i> and <i>OK</i>. You should now have a desktop that resemble Mac Leopard.<br />
<img alt="globalmenu-preferences" class="alignnone" height="188" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/globalmenu-preferences.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="341" /><br />
<img alt="menubar-with-globalmenu" class="alignnone" height="13" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/menubar-with-globalmenu.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="400" /><br />
<h3>Configuring the Login screen</h3>Click on the Apple icon, go to <i>System->Administration->Login Window</i>. On the <i>Local</i> tab, click <i>Add</i>. Navigate to the path <i>/filesystem/home/username/Mac_files/Mac4Lin_v0.4/GDM Theme</i> and select the file <i>Mac4Lin_GDM_v0.4.tar.gz</i>. Check the box beside the newly installed theme to activate it.<br />
<img alt="install-login-screen" class="alignnone" height="440" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/install-login-screen.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="343" /><br />
Underneath, there is a color selection field, select it and key in the number <i>E5E5E5</i> into the color code field.<br />
<img alt="login-screen-color" class="alignnone" height="263" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/login-screen-color.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="454" /><br />
Click <i>Ok</i>. Log out. You should see the login screen as the diagram below.<br />
<img alt="login-screen" class="alignnone" height="221" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/login-screen.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="400" /><br />
<h3>Configure usplash screen</h3><br />
<ins style="border: none; display: inline-table; height: 90px; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 728px;"></ins><br />
<ins id="google_ads_frame4_anchor" style="border: none; display: block; height: 90px; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 728px;"></ins><br />
<br />
usplash is the screen that you see when your computer is booting up. We are going to change it to show the white apple screen. In your terminal,<br />
<div class="codeblock">sudo apt-get install startupmanager</div>Go to <i>System->Administration->Start-Up Manager</i> Go to <i>Appearance</i> tab. Click on the <i>‘Manage bootloader theme</i>‘. Click <i>Add</i> and navigate to the file <i>/filesystem/home/username/Mac_files/Mac4Lin_v0.4/GRUB Splash/appleblack.xpm.gz</i>. Check the box “<i>Use background image for bootloader menu</i>” and select <i>‘appleblack</i>”.<br />
<img alt="startupmanager-configuration" class="alignnone" height="419" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/startupmanager-configuration.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="454" /><br />
<img alt="startupmanager-addtheme" class="alignnone" height="328" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/startupmanager-addtheme.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="303" /><br />
Next, click “<i>Manage usplash theme</i>”. Click <i>Add</i> and add the file <i>/filesystem/home/username/Mac_files/Mac4Lin_v0.4/USplash Theme/osx-splash.so</i>. Click <i>OK</i>. Select <i>OSX-splash</i> from the dropdown box.<br />
Now reboot. You should see the following images:<br />
<img alt="bootloader" class="alignnone" height="342" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/bootloader.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="454" /><br />
<img alt="usplash" class="alignnone" height="342" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/usplash.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="454" /><br />
<h3>Creating Dashboard effect</h3>We will use a combination of <a href="http://www.screenlets.org/" target="_blank">screenlets</a> and Compiz widget plugin to achieve the dashboard effect.<br />
<h3>Install Screenlets</h3><div class="codeblock">sudo apt-get install screenlets compizconfig-settings-manager</div>Go to <i>System->Preferences->Advanced Desktop Effect Setting</i>. On the Left, click on <i>Desktop</i>. On the right, put a check beside <i>‘Widget layer’</i><br />
<img alt="ccsm-widget-setting" class="alignnone" height="246" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/ccsm-widget-setting.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="400" /><br />
Go to <i>Accessories->Screenlets</i>. Activate the widgets that you want to display. Right click on the widget and select <i>‘Properties’</i>. Go to Options tab and select <i>‘Treat as widget’</i>. Do this for all the widgets that you have activated.<br />
<img alt="screenlets-as-widget" class="alignnone" height="118" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/screenlets-as-widget.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="400" /><br />
You can now see your dashboard in action by pressing F9.<br />
<img alt="dashboard-effect" class="alignnone" height="251" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/dashboard-effect.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="400" /><br />
Done. You have completed the transformation of your Ubuntu desktop to Mac OSX Leopard.<br />
<h3>Some screenshots:</h3><a href="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/ubuntu-leopard-screenshot-big.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img alt="ubuntu-leopard-screenshot-big" class="alignnone" height="251" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/ubuntu-leopard-screenshot-big-thumb.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="400" /></a><br />
<a href="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/screenshot-w-stack.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img alt="screenshot-w-stack" class="alignnone" height="251" src="http://images.maketecheasier.com/2008/07/screenshot-w-stack-thumb.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="400" /></a>Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-39742974900453080552011-03-10T09:10:00.006+07:002011-03-10T09:24:58.514+07:00Install and Configure Remote Access To Your Ubuntu Desktop<i>This guide explains how you can enable a remote desktop on an <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/Desktop">Ubuntu desktop</a> so that you can access and control it remotely. This makes sense for example if you have customers that are not very tech-savvy. If they have a problem, you can log in to their desktops without the need to drive to their location. I will also show how to access the remote Ubuntu desktop from a Windows XP client and an Ubuntu client. </i><br />
<i>I do not issue any guarantee that this will work for you!</i><br />
<h3>1 Preliminary Note</h3>I have tested this on an <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/Ubuntu">Ubuntu </a>7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon) desktop. <br />
<h3>2 Enabling The Remote Desktop</h3>We don't have to install anything to enable the remote desktop on Ubuntu. All we have to do is go to <span class="system">System > Preferences > Remote Desktop</span>:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br />
</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> </a></div><br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
In the <span class="system">Remote Desktop Preferences</span> window, you can configure the remote desktop connection. If you want others to just see your desktop, but not be able to make changes, enable <span class="system">Allow other users to view your desktop</span> only. If they should be able to change settings (e.g. repair your system if there are problems), enable <span class="system">Allow other users to control your desktop</span> as well. Then you should write down the command that you can use on other Linux clients to connect to your desktop; in my case it's: <br />
<div class="command">vncviewer falko-desktop:0</div>Then there are the security settings. If someone connects to your desktop and you want to be able to block or allow that connection, enable <span class="system">Ask you for confirmation</span>. This makes sense only if someone is actually sitting in front of the system. If you want to connect to your office desktop or any other sysem that only you have access to, then don't enable this option.<br />
But what you should do is set a password for your remote desktop (without a password anyone who happens to find out your system's address - e.g. by scanning the network - can access your desktop): <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<br />
That's it - the remote desktop can now be used! <br />
You've noticed that the command to connect to the desktop contains the computer name and not the IP address (<span class="system">vncviewer falko-desktop:0</span>). To avoid problems when the computer name (<span class="system">falko-desktop</span>) cannot be resolved in the network, it's a good idea to find out the system's IP address and use that one instead in the <span class="system">vncviewer</span> command. Right-click on the network icon (the two monitors) in the upper right corner and select <span class="system">Connection Information</span>: <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/3.jpg"><br />
</a><br />
<div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/3.jpg"><br />
</a></div>A window with details about your current network configuration opens. In it you can find your IP address (<span class="system">192.168.0.217</span> in my case) - write it down somewhere: <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/4.jpg"><br />
</a><br />
<div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/4.jpg"><br />
</a></div>Instead of<br />
<div class="command">vncviewer falko-desktop:0</div>we can now use<br />
<div class="command">vncviewer 192.168.0.217:0</div>as well to connect to the remote desktop. <br />
If you want to connect to your desktop from outside your network, you must use your router's public IP address (or get yourself a free hostname from <a href="http://www.dyndns.org/" target="_blank">dyndns.org</a> pointing to your router's public IP address). Port 5900 (which is used by the remote desktop) must be open in the firewall, and your router must forward port 5900 to the Ubuntu desktop.<br />
<h3>3 Connecting From A Windows XP Client</h3>In order to connect from a Windows XP system, we must install a VNC client on the Windows system. There are multiple free VNC clients available, e.g. from <a href="http://www.realvnc.com/products/download.html" target="_blank">http://www.realvnc.com/products/download.html</a>. Select the <span class="system">Free Edition</span>... <br />
<div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/5.jpg"> </a></div>... and click your way through the following pages. On the download page, select the <span class="system">VNC Free Edition Viewer for Windows</span> executable... <br />
<a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/7.png"></a><br />
<div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/7.png"> </a></div>... and save it on the system, e.g. the desktop. The <span class="system">VNC Free Edition Viewer for Windows</span> is a standalone executable, i.e., you don't have to install it to use it. After the download has finished, simply double-click the file... <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/7.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/7.png" width="320" /></a></div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/11.jpg"><br />
</a><br />
<div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/11.jpg"><br />
</a></div>... and the VNC Viewer starts. Type in the remote desktop's IP address (you can either type <span class="system">192.168.0.217:0</span>... <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/11.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/12.jpg"><br />
</a><br />
... or just <span class="system">192.168.0.217</span>)...<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/12.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/12a.jpg"><br />
</a><br />
<div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/12a.jpg"><br />
</a></div>... and the password for the remote desktop (leave the <span class="system">Username</span> field empty), then click on <span class="system">OK</span>: <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/12a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/12a.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/13.jpg"><br />
</a><br />
<div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/13.jpg"><br />
</a></div>If all goes well, you should now see the remote Ubuntu desktop in a new window: <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/13.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/14.jpg"><br />
</a><br />
<div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/14.jpg"><br />
</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/14.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/15.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/15.jpg"><br />
</a><br />
<h3>4 Connecting From An Ubuntu Client</h3>On an Ubuntu client, we don't have to install any software to connect to the remote desktop - it's all there. We can simply use the <span class="system">vncviewer</span> command from chapter two. Open a terminal (<span class="system">Applications > Accessories > Terminal</span>): <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/17.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/17.jpg"><br />
</a><br />
<div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/17.jpg"><br />
</a></div>Then type in the <span class="system">vncviewer</span> command from chapter two, e.g.<br />
<div class="command">vncviewer 192.168.0.217:0</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/18.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/18.jpg"><br />
</a><br />
<div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/18.jpg"><br />
</a></div>A window opens where you must type in the password for the remote desktop:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/19.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/19.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/19.jpg"><br />
</a><br />
<div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/19.jpg"><br />
</a></div>Afterwards, the remote Ubuntu desktop opens in a new window: <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/20.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/20.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/20.jpg"><br />
</a><br />
<div><a class="thickbox" href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/ubuntu_remote_desktop/big/20.jpg"><br />
</a></div>To stop the connection, simply close the window.<br />
<b> 5 Links</b><br />
<ul><li>Ubuntu: <a href="http://www.ubuntu.com/" target="_blank">http://www.ubuntu.com</a></li>
<li>Virtual Network Computing (Wikipedia): <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VNC" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VNC</a></li>
</ul> Source (Howtoforge.com)<br />
<h3> </h3><h3> </h3>Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-40433279989923843912011-03-09T16:16:00.005+07:002011-06-28T22:32:58.221+07:00Review de Mandriva Linux 2010.2 One KDE<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/hAEuBZZ6Tzk?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><center><br />
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</center>Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-65645723373012231902011-03-09T14:17:00.002+07:002011-03-09T14:18:21.117+07:00Install and configure NTP server on LinuxIt's an example to install and Configure<a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/NTP%20Server"> NTP</a> server for system clock.<br />
[root@ns ~]# yum -y install ntp<br />
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror<br />
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile<br />
* addons: ftp.jaist.ac.jp<br />
* base: ftp.jaist.ac.jp<br />
* extras: ftp.jaist.ac.jp<br />
* updates: ftp.jaist.ac.jp<br />
Setting up Install Process<br />
Resolving Dependencies<br />
--> Running transaction check<br />
--> Package ntp.x86_64 0:4.2.2p1-9.el5.centos.2 set to be updated<br />
--> Finished Dependency Resolution<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
Dependencies Resolved<br />
<br />
===================================================================<br />
Package Arch Version Repository Size<br />
===================================================================<br />
Installing:<br />
ntp x86_64 4.2.2p1-9.el5.centos.2 base 1.3 M<br />
<br />
Transaction Summary<br />
===================================================================<br />
Install 1 Package(s)<br />
Update 0 Package(s)<br />
Remove 0 Package(s)<br />
<br />
Total download size: 1.3 M<br />
Downloading Packages:<br />
(1/1): ntp-4.2.2p1-9.el5.100% |====================| 1.3 MB 00:00<br />
Running Transaction Test<br />
Finished Transaction Test<br />
Transaction Test Succeeded<br />
Running Transaction<br />
Installing: ntp#################################### [1/1]<br />
<br />
Installed: ntp.x86_64 0:4.2.2p1-9.el5.centos.2<br />
Complete!<br />
[root@ns ~]# mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.bk<br />
[root@ns ~]# vi /etc/ntp.conf<br />
<br />
# Set servers for synchronizing<br />
server ntp1.jst.mfeed.ad.jp<br />
server ntp2.jst.mfeed.ad.jp<br />
server ntp3.jst.mfeed.ad.jp<br />
<br />
[root@ns ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/ntpd start<br />
Starting ntpd:[ OK ]<br />
[root@ns ~]# chkconfig ntpd on<br />
[root@ns ~]# ntpq -p<br />
remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter<br />
==========================================================<br />
ntp1.jst.mfeed.210.173.160.862 u2641 21.227-475.550.001<br />
ntp2.jst.mfeed.210.173.160.862u 164121.400 -475.530.001<br />
ntp3.jst.mfeed.210.173.160.862u -64122.087 -476.080.001Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-57799161133402529412011-03-08T10:56:00.001+07:002012-04-03T23:57:07.869+07:0015 Must-Have Linux Desktop Apps<i>Recently it was brought to my attention that all the desktop <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/">Linux</a> hoopla in the world doesn't mean squat without compelling applications to get the end user interested. To address this need, I’ve rounded up fifteen powerful <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/">Linux applications</a> that reflect the best that Linux has to offer the <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/Desktop">desktop</a> user, both in and out of the enterprise environment.</i><br />
<i> </i><i>This is not meant to diminish any excluded apps. Instead my goal is to showcase applications that I’ve found to be really powerful for the typical Linux user.</i><br />
1. Kontact – Even though I'm partial to the GNOME desktop and many of the applications found within it, there is something amazing about certain KDE applications. One of the best is actually a bundle of applications known as <a href="http://adf.ly/788245/userbase.kde.org/Kontact">Kontact</a>. Out of all of the components provided, the three most used pieces included with the suite are <a href="http://userbase.kde.org/KMail"> Kmail</a>, <a href="http://adf.ly/788245/userbase.kde.org/Special:MyLanguage/KAddressBook/index"> KaddressBook</a> and <a href="http://userbase.kde.org/Special:MyLanguage/KOrganizer"> Korganizer</a>. Each of these components provide users with a visually appealing way to tackle their daily duties with email, schedules and so forth. Other tools to note within the suite include <a href="http://userbase.kde.org/Special:MyLanguage/KNotes">KNotes</a> and <a href="http://userbase.kde.org/Akregator">Akregator</a>, both of which are very capable and powerful programs within their own right.<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a>2. Amarok – If function and "cool visuals" are a must with your music experience, then <a href="http://adf.ly/788245/amarok.kde.org/">Amarok</a> is for you. With smart playlists, lyric retrieval and podcast subscription support this software knows no bounds. The addition of user created scripts provides for functionality not found in other jukebox applications, which puts Amarok into a league all its own. <br />
Oh and perhaps my all-time favorite feature, bookmarking your music tracks; as in being able to come back to where you left off.<br />
3. Clonzilla – Having used a lot of partition/drive cloning software over the years, I have yet to find myself with a data loss due to a bad data recovery attempt using <a href="http://adf.ly/788245/clonezilla.org/"> Clonezilla</a>. If your data means anything to you then Clonezilla is a must-have bootable CD for your IT toolbox. Clonezilla allows you to copy either the entire target drive or simply choice partitions. Recovery of each backup works the same way, but in reverse.<br />
4. OpenShot – I have used many Linux compatible video editors in the past and have had mixed success with each. Sadly, most developers felt quite disinterested when it came to addressing the issues in the specific applications and ensuring a decent user experience. Oddly, once <a href="http://openshot.org/"> OpenShot</a> became popular, I noticed those "other apps" magically making more of an effort to keep up. <br />
In the end though, I found that the OpenShot development was more in tune to what people actually wanted from a video editor. So it was less about the features and more about actually being heard. All that said, OpenShot is not lacking for any amazing functionality. With 3D titles, key frame animation, digital zooming and rotoscoping, the feature list is fairly extensive.<br />
<div class="litcontent">5. Audacity – Most audio editing tools for the Linux platform are powerful and capable, so there's no point in claiming otherwise as it would be untrue. Yet at the same time, many of them are entirely too complex to use. They lend themselves to audiophiles rather than typical human beings. This brings me front and center to an application called <a href="http://audacity.sourceforge.net/">Audacity</a>. <br />
Designed to be simple to use without leaving out needed functionality, Audacity is easily one of the most compelling audio editing tools I've ever had the pleasure of using. For those looking to gain instant control over waveform edits, Audacity provides you with easy clipping, great filters and the option to export the finished product into the audio container of your choosing including MP3.<br />
6. WinFF – With all of the great ways of generating video content on the Linux desktop, it can be frustrating when services like YouTube aren't supporting the OGV file container for video uploads. The real comedy ensues when open source friendly Google has better support for patented video container options versus the truly open source ones. <br />
Thankfully a tool called <a href="http://winff.org/html_new/">WinFF</a> has been flawless in ensuring I can convert my media into something more commonly accessible. Not only is WinFF very fast and simple to use, but I can convert both video and audio with it. Powered by the wonders of FFmpeg, the software installs and converts media right out of the box.<br />
7. Sweet Home 3D – While this application isn't likely to end up in the software toolbox of most Linux enthusiasts, it's considered to be incredible nonetheless. Enter <a href="http://adf.ly/788245/www.sweethome3d.com/index.jsp">Sweet Home 3D</a>. This app helps you create a simulation of your existing home or provides a whole new layout from which to build, all while providing an amazing visual result once the project is rendered.<br />
8. Subsonic – I've been using <a href="http://adf.ly/788245/www.subsonic.org/pages/index.jsp">Subsonic</a> to listen to music on my iPhone 4 for a few months now, as each new iOS update continues to kill off any music syncing progress made with Linux. Not to worry though, Subsonic has come to the rescue and delivers all my music to my iOS devices thanks to the locally installed Linux software and the app for the iPhone itself. <br />
This allows immediate access to your music library from anywhere in the world with either 3G or wi-fi access. Subsonic even supports playlist creation and management, which is a must for any music loving Linux enthusiast.</div>9. OneTeam – Because Skype and AOL instant messengers aren't always a great fit for the enterprise realm, <a href="http://oneteam.im/"> OneTeam</a> fills the gap with a locally managed messenger solution. In addition to providing enterprise level control over messenger events, OneTeam remains compatible with most IM networks. OneTeam is a smart fit for most businesses with virtual conference rooms, voice/text chat and SSL or VPN security.<br />
10. DomotiGa – Designed to be home automation software, I see no reason why <a href="http://www.domotiga.nl/"> DomotiGa</a> wouldn't also be a natural fit for businesses looking to make the work environment a bit more efficient with local automation. Setup correctly, DomotiGa could potentially become an "extra pair of hands" in dealing with a number of tasks throughout the office. You can even rely on X10 compatible devices for common automation needs such as controlling the lights, monitoring the temperature, monitoring the UPS battery(ies) status on attached PCs, plus countless other duties.<br />
11. Webilder – Most of the available wallpapers for modern Linux distros are fine, but they're not likely to be seen as all that exciting by most people. The real problem is there hasn't been any real interaction from the end user as to what they'd like to see in the way of wallpapers. <a href="http://www.webilder.org/">Webilder</a> fills this gap nicely with their software for the Linux desktop. Webilder is designed to provide access to wallpaper "channels," where you can subscribe to images based on interest.<br />
12. GNOME Do – If there was a single must-have application for me, it's <a href="http://do.davebsd.com/"> GNOME Do</a>. Think of this utility as cross between Alt-F2 and common keyboard shortcuts on steroids. Perfect for not only instantly finding practically anything on your Linux desktop but also launching software with only a few clicks of the keyboard. KDE enthusiasts are encouraged to check out <a href="http://katapult.kde.org/">Katapult</a> as an alternative to GNOME Do. There’s no sense in leaving out KDE users in the joys of powerful keyboard shortcuts, after all!<br />
13. Gitso – Remote tech support is a needed component for anyone working in IT who is in charge of making sure all the work stations are in working order. But for those in situations not running with compatible solutions, this can be a bit tricky. Thankfully there is a fix to this with a tool called <a href="http://code.google.com/p/gitso/">Gitso</a>. While I wouldn't say this is something I would trust outside of the LAN, Gitso is fine for providing remote desktop help within a secure local environment. Out of the box, the software requires both parties to be at their computers for it to work. Some might even argue that this feature is an added layer of security.<br />
14. Dropbox Nautilus integration – Love using Dropbox, but wish there was better file management support for Linux users? Not to worry, Dropbox has a solution for GNOME users with <a href="http://adf.ly/788245/www.dropbox.com/downloading?os=lnx"> Dropbox Nautilus integration</a>. Just install the appropriate software package and away you go. Transfer files easily from one location to another without having to bother with network file sharing or SSH. Just let Dropbox do the heavy lifting for you.<br />
15. Epiware Document Management – Those companies looking for a good Enterprise Document Management system need only look to <a href="http://adf.ly/788245/www.epiware.com/products_epiware.php">Epiware Document Management</a> for a solution. Providing everything needed in an enterprise level document sharing suite, this web-based solution allows enterprise users to collaborate on a number of levels, including a shared calendar, local company news, check in/check out, groups, folder control, access history and of course...document sharing.Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-52407861017347008052011-03-07T09:16:00.001+07:002011-03-07T09:16:43.333+07:00Document Install Ubuntu 10.04 LTS<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 21px;"></span></span><br />
<table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num"><br />
</td><td>1.Insert a disk for installation of Ubuntu 10.04 LTS and reboot your computer. The screen of selecting language. Choose it and go next.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="img" height="300" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/1.jpg" width="400" /><br />
<a name='more'></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 21px;"></span></span><br />
<table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">2. </td><td>Push Enter</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="img" height="298" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/2.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 21px;"><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">3. </td><td>Select your language.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="img" height="292" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/3.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 21px;"><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">4. </td><td>select your country.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="308" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/4.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">5. </td><td>Select "No" to configure manually keyboard layout.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="148" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/5.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">6. </td><td>Select keyboard type.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="308" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/6.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">7.</td><td>Select keyboard layout.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="184" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/7.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">8.</td><td>Specify any Hostname you like.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="184" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/8.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">9.</td><td>Select your time zone.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="155" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/9.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">10.</td><td>This is the section for configure partition. This example select "Guided".</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="222" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/10.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">11. </td><td>Select a disk to create partitions.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="141" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/11.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num"><br />
</td><td>12. If existing partitions are detected, installer asks like below. If it's OK, answer "Yes".</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="223" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/12.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">13.</td><td>If it's OK, answer "Yes".</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="242" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/13.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">14.</td><td>Enter the amount set LVM volume group assigned to.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="253" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/14.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">15.</td><td>It's completed to configure partitions. If it's OK, answer "Yes".</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="243" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/15.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">16.</td><td>Installation of base system proceeds.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="136" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/16.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">17.</td><td>Set user account. The user set on here is administration user by default.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="200" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/17.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">18.</td><td>Input user name on the system.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="169" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/18.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">19.</td><td>Set password.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="155" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/19.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">20.</td><td>Verify password.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="150" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/20.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">21.</td><td>If you'd like to encrypt home directory, answer "Yes".</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="174" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/21.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">22.</td><td>Set Proxy if you use it. If not, Continue with empty.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="181" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/22.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num"><br />
</td><td>23. Select if you set automatical update or not. automatical update is convenience but sometimes it causes troubles, so if you use this server as a Mission Critical Server, Don't use automatical update, it's better to update by manually after verification.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="210" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/23.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num"><br />
</td><td>24. Select softwares to install. Go next without checking boxes all, it's better to install something if needed.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="246" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/24.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num">25.</td><td>Answer "Yes" if Grub is installed on MBR.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="193" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/25.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num"><br />
</td><td>26. Installation is completed. Remove the disk and Continue. Then system reboots.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="146" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/26.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table><table class="base"><tbody>
<tr><td class="num"><br />
</td><td>27. The system boots and show login prompt like below. Login with a user set in installation.</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><img alt="" class="img" height="43" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/install/img/27.jpg" width="400" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table></span></span>Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-40897855861430929312011-03-05T08:14:00.000+07:002011-03-05T08:14:02.376+07:003 Good Reasons To Buy an Open-PC<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSJG8zJIQ605ysmMxFdwmdN7oPxulmd60G9sSgVC35oOZvzuqPoJg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSJG8zJIQ605ysmMxFdwmdN7oPxulmd60G9sSgVC35oOZvzuqPoJg" /></a></div>For many small business users, all the rational arguments for using <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/">open source software</a> like Linux make a great deal of sense: It's free, customizable, compatible, and it's free of vendor lock-in, to name just a few.<br />
When it comes down to the wire at purchase time, however, many fall prey to one or more of the <a href="http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/205147/fact_or_fiction_top_8_linux_myths_debunked.html">frequently perpetuated myths</a> out there, and vague fears of incompatibility or a lack of support or something else drive them right back into <a href="http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/204020/microsoft_loves_open_source_and_pigs_can_fly.html">Redmond's waiting arms</a>.<br />
One way to make the notion of a Linux-based computer less worrisome for such users is to buy hardware <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/Ubuntu">preloaded with Ubuntu</a>, Canonical's version of the open source operating system. That can go a long way toward ensuring that everything "just works" out of the box, and I've already discussed good ways and places to do this.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<span class="image rtsm"><img alt="" height="119" src="http://zapp5.staticworld.net/howto/graphics/211113-linux_laptop_180._119jpg_original.jpg" width="180" /></span><br />
As of December, however, another option emerged that's well worth checking out--it's even better, in fact, from the perspective of software freedom. It's called the <a href="http://open-pc.com/">Open-PC</a>, and it offers "a PC for everyday use built by the Linux community for the Linux community," in the project's own words.<br />
With three models to choose from--two built and sold in Europe and one through ThinkPenguin in the United States--the Open-PC has several key advantages that could make it the right choice for your small business. Here are just a few to consider.<br />
<strong>1. It's Entirely Free</strong><br />
You know how when you use proprietary software like Microsoft's, you tend to have to agree to an end-user license agreement that restricts with an iron hand what you can and can't do with the software? Well, the Open-PC more or less does away with that.<br />
Only free software is used in Open-PC devices, and that includes those rascally drivers, which can on occasion cause a problem when you least expect it. All software was chosen by the Linux community through a series of surveys, in fact.<br />
In Europe, Open-PCs reportedly use the OpenSUSE Linux distribution, according to <a href="http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/columns/openpc_project_ready_made_gnu_linux_machines">Free Software Magazine</a>, while the U.S. version uses Ubuntu. Either way, KDE is the standard desktop. The most important point, of course, is that you're free to alter and customize the software to suit your business's needs.<br />
Also worth noting, though, is that--as with any instance of Linux--you're also relatively free from <a href="http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/202452/why_linux_is_more_secure_than_windows.html">viruses and malware</a>. That kind of freedom may just be worth even more, in fact.<br />
<strong>2. It Just Works</strong><br />
Specs on the Open-PC sold in the United States by ThinkPenguin include a 1.6GHz Intel Atom processor, up to 4GB of DDR2 SDRAM, Intel GMA 3150 Accelerated Graphics, Realtek RTL8103EL Fast Ethernet and 4 USB ports, for example.<br />
<span class="image ltsm"><img alt="" height="119" src="http://zapp5.staticworld.net/news/graphics/159060-Intel_Atom_thumb_original.jpg" width="180" /></span><br />
Perhaps even more important, however, is that--similar in many ways to a preloaded Ubuntu machine--energy-efficient Open-PCs are preconfigured to your specifications and arrive customer-ready. Only fully documented hardware is used--chosen, once again, through surveys of the Linux community--and it's designed for ease of use, even by novices. Gone can be all those fears about getting everything up and running smoothly.<br />
<strong>3. Support Is Included</strong><br />
Adding further to that peace of mind is that if, by chance, you do encounter a problem, telephone and email support are included in the Open-PC's price. For those reluctant to entrust support to the community--excellent as that resource tends to be--that extra reassurance can be significant.<br />
Bottom line? With prices starting at $249 in the United States, the Open-PC's price isn't insignificant. On the other hand, if you factor in the inclusion of support, the "just works" factor and an included donation to the KDE project, the Open-PC could be a compelling choice.<br />
<em><br />
</em><em></em><br />
By <a href="http://www.pcworld.com/author/Katherine%20Noyes">Katherine Noyes</a>, <a href="http://www.pcworld.com/" target="_blank">PCWorld</a><em></em>Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-9498474729814740952011-03-04T11:47:00.001+07:002012-04-03T23:58:37.246+07:00Top 5 Media Center Applications for Linux<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.downloadatoz.com/resources/201002/pic/1265265999.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.downloadatoz.com/resources/201002/pic/1265265999.jpg" /></a></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>We have discussed a lot about multimedia applications available for Linux, but never really about media center applications specifically. Unlike many other niches where <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/">Linux</a> lags behind other proprietary OS's in terms of good applications available, Linux have a clear upper hand when you consider the sheer number of very good open source media center applications available out there. Here is a quick listing of top 5 media center applications for Linux. Read on.</i></div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><b>XBMC Media Center</b></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT4-JvLFWGXeJsMrDYbZmqQIXXkIMgNsCOxaJcDx0HHShz61d-JFrrJnnlMzYQQFjpid5KPBV7Krb7PsFTjNmXyaSH0reHa2X-E7-67hSSexq6Kh5h6It3WVWrMSWeCzzBycO6he59737G/s1600/mstream2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Top 5 Media Center Applications for Linux" border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT4-JvLFWGXeJsMrDYbZmqQIXXkIMgNsCOxaJcDx0HHShz61d-JFrrJnnlMzYQQFjpid5KPBV7Krb7PsFTjNmXyaSH0reHa2X-E7-67hSSexq6Kh5h6It3WVWrMSWeCzzBycO6he59737G/s400/mstream2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6917099803485324452&postID=949847472981474095" name="more"></a><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Probably the most popular open source media center application out there. Plenty of users already and you won't have any problem finding support. The latest release comes with new add-ons system which means even more skins, plugins, visualizations, add-ons for XBMC which are not only awesome but also very easy to install and use.<br />
<a name='more'></a></div><ul><li style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://adf.ly/788245/xbmc.org/download/">Download XBMC for Windows, Mac and Linux</a></li>
</ul><ul><li>If you are an Ubuntu user, you might want to install the latest bleeding edge version of XBMC instead. <a href="http://adf.ly/788245/www.techdrivein.com/2010/09/xbmc-100-dharma-beta-2-released-how-to.html">Install latest XBMC in Ubuntu via PPA</a>.</li>
</ul><b>Boxee</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUEW-elzC9WtUV7JiDrUrj5prachb7kWXxLrESev0BlEXAvR1Mub5k7RrEYyUzu8r0j7w6PT08t_S-BSODm7ZeohNVx10l6FV9jlRLU1oN4I0IG1Mb9lprBHhL4i1Lyi6r3sFJH5BaHFTO/s1600/Screenshot-1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Boxee in Linux" border="0" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUEW-elzC9WtUV7JiDrUrj5prachb7kWXxLrESev0BlEXAvR1Mub5k7RrEYyUzu8r0j7w6PT08t_S-BSODm7ZeohNVx10l6FV9jlRLU1oN4I0IG1Mb9lprBHhL4i1Lyi6r3sFJH5BaHFTO/s400/Screenshot-1.png" width="400" /></a></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
Boxee is based on XBMC and Boxee is my favorite media center application for Linux. It is very easy to use, quite stable already and has a ton of applications to play around with. Live news support is the latest inclusion into Boxee along with many UI improvements. Boxee is slowly but surely becoming *the* ultimate open source media center application out there.</div><ul><li><a href="http://adf.ly/788245/www.boxee.tv/download">Download Boxee for Windows, Mac and Linux</a>.</li>
</ul></div><div><b>Canola Media Center</b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUcbpBINxXLGGG6N8xBuVgcudOwVIc78WDPOrPiX_Hzrws9EC7pbwIx4HYZroLHUuHBR95HIOp4QpT5tHLE7AGsEXWjQQECJN_uryAgAHWWfQXCi9ZQDbstZCAWhi1I176ho1hJJC3gBNm/s1600/Screenshot-6.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Canola Media Center" border="0" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUcbpBINxXLGGG6N8xBuVgcudOwVIc78WDPOrPiX_Hzrws9EC7pbwIx4HYZroLHUuHBR95HIOp4QpT5tHLE7AGsEXWjQQECJN_uryAgAHWWfQXCi9ZQDbstZCAWhi1I176ho1hJJC3gBNm/s400/Screenshot-6.png" width="400" /></a></div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://openbossa.indt.org/canola/index.html">Canola</a> is a open source media center application which was primarily built for smart phones and netbook devices. Canola Media Center was a total surprise for me when I tested it for the first time some months back. Interface is down to earth simple and very responsive too. Unfortunately, Canola PPA is not available for Ubuntu 10.10 and hence I was not able install it in my machine. But, if you are using Ubuntu 10.04, you should check out the below link. </div><ul><li><a href="http://adf.ly/788245/www.techdrivein.com/2010/07/canola-media-center-works-surprisingly.html">Install Canola Media Center in Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx</a></li>
</ul><div><b>Element OS</b></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK8PsV-ZNF8w-pkpUHLATR17pShecI4ol68OpV8OppyAWRAW_wEwlv4vwhTHivVNptcuVv6DImE5j3kfkgGeLiTX8nHvk-cKbZCbwFR1n95qQlELhNKF2Pb3P4uoxcYrOCo_qRQl4iKkwC/s1600/Element_OS.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Element OS" border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK8PsV-ZNF8w-pkpUHLATR17pShecI4ol68OpV8OppyAWRAW_wEwlv4vwhTHivVNptcuVv6DImE5j3kfkgGeLiTX8nHvk-cKbZCbwFR1n95qQlELhNKF2Pb3P4uoxcYrOCo_qRQl4iKkwC/s400/Element_OS.png" width="400" /></a></div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">As the name indicates, Element is not alone a standalone application and instead Element OS is a 32 bit Xubuntu based distro for HTPCs(Home Theatre PCs). It maintains compatibility with Ubuntu repositories. It uses the Advanced Packaging Tool(APT) with Element's own custom repositories and the Ubuntu repositories. Read our previous post on <a href="http://www.techdrivein.com/2010/06/element-os-ubuntu-based-distro-for.html">Element OS</a>.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li><a href="http://adf.ly/788245/www.elementmypc.com/main/get-element">Download Element OS</a></li>
</ul><div><b>GeeXboX</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3FZTzpiWzFtpAyb27gs9_c5Fg-WaW-H30CgJPANyzSZALlj7gMRuekU8tToa7OQ3Z6UnPEA8O06rRB4YB0DH1UqhvR24hyphenhyphenmcApGV5Yzy_sQCbuUv_kXOzjL0uP6dYMWK-exOoyOuVstNh/s1600/mainmenu-photo.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="GeeXboX" border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3FZTzpiWzFtpAyb27gs9_c5Fg-WaW-H30CgJPANyzSZALlj7gMRuekU8tToa7OQ3Z6UnPEA8O06rRB4YB0DH1UqhvR24hyphenhyphenmcApGV5Yzy_sQCbuUv_kXOzjL0uP6dYMWK-exOoyOuVstNh/s400/mainmenu-photo.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />
<div>Like Element OS, GeeXboX is not a standalone application and instead it’s a fully featured OS. GeeXboX is basically a free and open source media center purposed Linux distribution for embedded devices and desktop computers. GeeXboX media center optimized Linux distro is based on <a href="http://enna.geexbox.org/">Enna media center</a> application.</div><div><ul><li><a href="http://adf.ly/788245/www.geexbox.org/download/">Download GeeXboX</a></li>
</ul></div><div>Hope you guys enjoyed the listing. Among the lot, Boxee is still my favorite along with Canola Media Center(if only it had a Ubuntu 10.10 package). Similar posts in this category include: <a href="http://adf.ly/788245/www.techdrivein.com/2010/12/18-applications-you-need-to-install-and.html">18 applications to install in your Ubuntu</a> | <a href="http://adf.ly/788245/www.techdrivein.com/2011/01/top-5-bit-torrent-clients-for-ubuntu.html">Top 5 bit torrent clients for Linux</a>.</div></div></div>Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-62158568345641301152011-03-03T16:40:00.000+07:002011-03-03T16:40:46.808+07:00Install Apache on Ubuntu 10.04<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1JBVqFrWtNeiD7qjtN4N_RHrMZ1xM_ArEnKmoKEYkp3CpHv3COQx2nfqZxu6PEFYBbTz5-k41o8URMNylf0UEbHJBk2AuQLQCnHAfg9WM6A-i5EE2ikT_o8-IjOrAf_HngV33vAufzNE/s1600-r/apache.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1JBVqFrWtNeiD7qjtN4N_RHrMZ1xM_ArEnKmoKEYkp3CpHv3COQx2nfqZxu6PEFYBbTz5-k41o8URMNylf0UEbHJBk2AuQLQCnHAfg9WM6A-i5EE2ikT_o8-IjOrAf_HngV33vAufzNE/s320-r/apache.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b>This is an example to build Web Server. Install <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/Apache">Apache2</a> for it. In addition to do it, it's also neccessary to configure router so that TCP and UDP packets to 80 and 443 can pass through. <br />
<br />
1.Install Apache2</b><br />
root@www05:~# aptitude -y install apache2<br />
<b>2.Configure Apache2 to use CGI in any directory</b><br />
root@www05:~# vi /etc/apache2/conf.d/security<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
# line 27: change<br />
ServerTokens Prod<br />
<br />
# line 39: change<br />
ServerSignature Off<br />
<br />
root@www05:~# vi /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dir.conf <br />
<br />
# line 3: add file name that it can access only with directory's name<br />
DirectoryIndex index.html index.cgi<br />
<br />
root@www05:~# vi /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/mime.conf <br />
<br />
# line 165: uncomment and add extensions for CGI<br />
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl<br />
<br />
root@www05:~# vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/default <br />
<br />
# line 2: change to webmaster's email<br />
ServerAdmin webmaster@server.world<br />
<br />
# line 10: change ( remove "Indexes" )<br />
Options FollowSymLinks ExecCGI<br />
<br />
# line 11: change<br />
AllowOverride All<br />
<br />
root@www05:~# ln -s /usr/bin/perl /usr/local/bin/perl <br />
root@www05:~# /etc/init.d/apache2 restart <br />
* Restarting web server apache2<br />
... waiting ...done.<br />
<b>3. Access to "http://(your server's hostname or IP address)/" with web browser. It's OK if following page is shown. (default page)</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/httpd/img/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/httpd/img/1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b>4. Create a CGI test page and access to it with web browser. It's OK if following page is shown.<br />
root@www05:~# vi /var/www/index.cgi </b><br />
<br />
#!/usr/local/bin/perl<br />
<br />
print "Content-type: text/html\n\n";<br />
print <<"EOM";<br />
<html><br />
<body><br />
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><br />
CGI Test Page<br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
EOM<br />
exit;<br />
<br />
root@www05:~# chmod 705 /var/www/index.cgi<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/httpd/img/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="http://server-world.info/en/Ubuntu_10.04/httpd/img/2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-73839624366132840602011-03-03T08:44:00.001+07:002011-03-03T08:46:43.316+07:00Install and configure VMware Server on Linux<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.nexstor.co.uk/prod_images/diagram_VCFS_300x299.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.nexstor.co.uk/prod_images/diagram_VCFS_300x299.gif" /></a></div><b>1. Please make sure latest <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/Virtualization">VMware</a> server first at Vmware's site and get latest version of it. Furthermore, register serial number first on the page on VMware, it's necessary to input during installation.</b><br />
[root@ns ~]# wget <a href="http://download3.vmware.com/software/vmserver/VMware-server-2.0.1-156745.x86_64.rpm">http://download3.vmware.com/software/vmserver/VMware-server-2.0.1-156745.x86_64.rpm</a><br />
<br />
<i><b>[root@ns ~]# <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/">rpm</a> -Uvh VMware-server-2.0.1-156745.x86_64.rpm</b><br />
Preparing...################################# [100%]<br />
1:VMware-server################################# [100%]<br />
<br />
The installation of VMware Server 2.0.1 for Linux completed successfully.<br />
You can decide to remove this software from your system at any time by<br />
invoking the following command: "rpm -e VMware-server".<br />
</i><br />
<a name='more'></a><i><br />
Before running VMware Server for the first time, you need to<br />
configure it for your running kernel by invoking the<br />
following command: "/usr/bin/vmware-config.pl".<br />
<br />
Enjoy,<br />
<br />
 --the VMware team<br />
<br />
<b>[root@ns ~]# /usr/bin/vmware-config.pl # run script</b><br />
You must read and accept the End User License Agreement to continue.<br />
Press enter to display it.# Enter<br />
<br />
Do you accept? (yes/no) yes# yes<br />
<br />
Thank you.<br />
<br />
The bld-2.6.18-8.el5-x86_64smp-RHEL5 - vmmon module loads perfectly into the<br />
running kernel.<br />
<br />
The bld-2.6.18-8.el5-x86_64smp-RHEL5 - vmci module loads perfectly into the<br />
running kernel.<br />
<br />
The bld-2.6.18-8.el5-x86_64smp-RHEL5 - vsock module loads perfectly into the<br />
running kernel.<br />
<br />
Do you want networking for your virtual machines? (yes/no/help) [yes] # Enter<br />
<br />
Configuring a bridged network for vmnet0.<br />
<br />
Please specify a name for this network.<br />
[Bridged] # Enter<br />
<br />
Do you wish to configure another bridged network? (yes/no) [no] # Enter<br />
<br />
Do you want to be able to use NAT networking in your virtual machines? (yes/no)<br />
[yes] no # no<br />
<br />
Do you want to be able to use host-only networking in your virtual machines?<br />
[no] no # no<br />
<br />
Please specify a port for remote connections to use [902] # Enter<br />
<br />
Please specify a port for standard http connections to use [8222] # Enter<br />
<br />
Please specify a port for secure http (https) connections to use [8333] # Enter<br />
<br />
The current administrative user for VMware Server is ''. Would you like to<br />
specify a different administrator? [no] # Enter<br />
<br />
In which directory do you want to keep your virtual machine files?<br />
[/var/lib/vmware/Virtual Machines] # Enter<br />
<br />
The path "/var/lib/vmware/Virtual Machines" does not exist currently. This<br />
program is going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this<br />
what you want? [yes] # Enter<br />
<br />
Please enter your 20-character serial number.<br />
<br />
# input youe serial number<br />
Type XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX or 'Enter' to cancel: XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX<br />
<br />
Creating a new VMware VIX API installer database using the tar4 format.<br />
<br />
Installing VMware VIX API.<br />
<br />
In which directory do you want to install the VMware VIX API binary files?<br />
[/usr/bin] # Enter<br />
<br />
In which directory do you want to install the VMware VIX API library files?<br />
[/usr/lib/vmware-vix/lib] # Enter<br />
<br />
The path "/usr/lib/vmware-vix/lib" does not exist currently. This program is<br />
going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?<br />
[yes] # Enter<br />
<br />
In which directory do you want to install the VMware VIX API document pages?<br />
[/usr/share/doc/vmware-vix] # Enter<br />
<br />
The path "/usr/share/doc/vmware-vix" does not exist currently. This program is<br />
going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?<br />
[yes] # Enter<br />
<br />
The installation of VMware VIX API 1.6.2 build-156745 for Linux completed<br />
successfully. You can decide to remove this software from your system at any<br />
time by invoking the following command: "/usr/bin/vmware-uninstall-vix.pl".<br />
<br />
Enjoy,<br />
<br />
--the VMware team<br />
<br />
Starting VMware services:<br />
Virtual machine monitor[ OK ]<br />
Virtual machine communication interface[ OK ]<br />
VM communication interface socket family:[ OK ]<br />
Virtual ethernet[ OK ]<br />
Bridged networking on /dev/vmnet0[ OK ]<br />
VMware Server Authentication Daemon (background)[ OK ]<br />
Shared Memory Available[ OK ]<br />
Starting VMware management services:<br />
VMware Server Host Agent (background) [ OK ]<br />
VMware Virtual Infrastructure Web Access<br />
Starting VMware autostart virtual machines:<br />
Virtual machines[ OK ]<br />
The configuration of VMware Server 2.0.1 build-156745 for Linux for this<br />
running kernel completed successfully.</i><br />
<br />
<b> <u> Install Guest OS in VMware Server. Install Windows server 2008 for Guest as an example.</u><br />
<br />
1. Access with web browser to 'https://127.0.0.1:8333/', then following screen is shown. Login with root user.</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="229" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b>2. Select 'Create Virtual Machine'.</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b>3. Input any name for Virtula Machine.</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>4. Select OS type. </b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b>5. Select memory size and number of virtual CPUs.</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/5.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b>6. create a virtula disk. If first, Go next with default</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/6.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<b>7. Specify amount of virtual disk and location.</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/7.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b>8. Add network adapter.</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/8.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b><br />
</b><br />
<br />
<b>9. Configure network adapter. It's no ploblem to go next with default.</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/9.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<b>10. Go next with default if you install GuestOS from CD/DVD</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/10.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b></b><b>11. Go next.</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/11.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/17.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b>12. Configure floppy drive. It's unnecessary to use it, so select 'Don't Add a Floppy Drive' and go next.</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/12.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b>13. Configure USB controler. If you need it, click head section.</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/13.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b>14. Configuration is completed. Click 'Finish'.</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/14.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b>15. Move to 'Console' tab and click cursor at the center.</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/15.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<b>16. GuestOS starts and installer runs.</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="269" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/16.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><b>17. Installation completed and Windows Server 2008 runs normally.</b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://server-world.info/en/CentOS_5/vmware_server/img/17.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Source(server-world.info)Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-47398337430391987032011-03-02T13:57:00.003+07:002011-03-02T14:00:12.973+07:00Install and Config for Slave server DNS<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.dacostabalboa.com/es/imagenes/servidor-dns-con-bind9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="165" src="http://www.dacostabalboa.com/es/imagenes/servidor-dns-con-bind9.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><u><b>Configure DNS as as Slave Server. It's easy to set up it. </b></u><br />
<br />
<b>Following example shows an environment that master <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/DNS">DNS</a> is "ns.server-linux.info", Slave DNS is "ns.example.info". </b><br />
<br />
<b>[1] Write config in Zone file on<a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/2011/02/create-zone-files-that-servers-resolve.html"> Master DNS</a>.</b><br />
[root@ns ~]# vi /var/named/server-linux.info.wan<br />
<br />
$TTL86400<br />
@INSOAns.server-linux.info. root.server-linux.info. (<br />
# update serial<br />
2007041501;Serial<br />
3600;Refresh<br />
1800;Retry<br />
604800;Expire<br />
86400;Minimum TTL<br />
)<br />
INNSns.server-linux.info.<br />
# add name server<br />
INNSns.example.info.<br />
INA172.16.0.82<br />
INMX 10ns.server-linux.info.<br />
<br />
nsINA172.16.0.82<br />
<br />
[root@ns ~]# rndc reload<br />
server reload successful<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<b>[2] Config on Slave DNS.</b><br />
[root@ns ~]# vi /etc/named.conf<br />
<br />
# add these lines below<br />
zone "server-linux.info" IN {<br />
type slave;<br />
masters { 172.16.0.82; };<br />
file "slaves/server-linux.info.wan";<br />
};<br />
<br />
[root@ns ~]# rndc reload<br />
server reload successful<br />
[root@ns ~]# ls /var/named/slaves<br />
server-linux.info.wan# zone file in master DNS has been just transfered<br />
<br />
<br />
<u><b>Set CNAME</b></u><br />
<br />
<b> If you'd like to set another name to your Host, define CNAME record in zone file. <br />
<br />
[1] Set CNAME record in zone file.</b><br />
[root@ns ~]# vi /var/named/server-linux.info.wan<br />
<br />
$TTL86400<br />
@INSOAns.server-linux.info. root.server-linux.info. (<br />
# update serial<br />
2007041501;Serial<br />
3600;Refresh<br />
1800;Retry<br />
604800;Expire<br />
86400;Minimum TTL<br />
)<br />
INNSns.server-linux.info.<br />
INA172.16.0.82<br />
INMX 10ns.server-linux.info.<br />
<br />
nsINA172.16.0.82<br />
# aliase IN CNAME server's name<br />
ftpINCNAMEns.server-linux.info.<br />
<br />
[root@ns ~]# rndc reload<br />
server reload successful<br />
<br />
Source(server-world.info)Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-51312505806538424552011-03-02T09:56:00.001+07:002011-03-02T11:34:14.981+07:00Back Up MySQL Databases With mylvmbackup On Ubuntu<a href="http://lenz.homelinux.org/mylvmbackup/" target="_blank">mylvmbackup</a> is a Perl script for quickly creating <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/2011/02/creating-mysql-backups-with.html">MySQL backups</a>. It uses LVM's snapshot feature to do so. To perform a backup, mylvmbackup obtains a read lock on all tables and flushes all server caches to disk, creates a snapshot of the volume containing the MySQL data directory, and unlocks the tables again. This article shows how to use it on an Ubuntu 8.10 server. <br />
I do not issue any guarantee that this will work for you!<br />
<br />
<b>1 Preliminary Note</b><br />
<br />
I'm assuming that MySQL is already set up and running on your system. The system must use LVM, and the <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/2011/02/creating-mysql-backups-with.html">MySQL</a> data directory (/var/lib/mysql) should have an LVM partition of its own (althouth that is optional).<br />
<br />
If you have read Back Up (And Restore) LVM Partitions With LVM Snapshots you know that LVM snapshots require some unused LVM partition for the snapshot. My test system has a second, currently unused hard drive /dev/sdb that will be used by mylvmbackup to create a temporary logical volume for the backup.<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
This is my current situation:<br />
<br />
<i>root@server1:~# df -h<br />
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on<br />
/dev/mapper/server1-root<br />
20G 808M 18G 5% /<br />
tmpfs 252M 0 252M 0% /lib/init/rw<br />
varrun 252M 56K 251M 1% /var/run<br />
varlock 252M 0 252M 0% /var/lock<br />
udev 252M 2.6M 249M 2% /dev<br />
tmpfs 252M 0 252M 0% /dev/shm<br />
/dev/sda1 471M 23M 425M 6% /boot<br />
/dev/mapper/server1-mysql<br />
8.9G 170M 8.3G 2% /var/lib/mysql<br />
root@server1:~#<br />
<br />
As you see, I have two LVM partitions, / and /var/lib/mysql (plus an LVM swap partition not shown here). The volume group is named server1, and the volumes are named swap, root, and mysql:<br />
<br />
root@server1:~# pvdisplay<br />
--- Physical volume ---<br />
PV Name /dev/sda5<br />
VG Name server1<br />
PV Size 29.52 GB / not usable 3.66 MB<br />
Allocatable yes (but full)<br />
PE Size (KByte) 4096<br />
Total PE 7557<br />
Free PE 0<br />
Allocated PE 7557<br />
PV UUID 0gCmpE-FGel-9ayg-E2yg-kkEu-B72X-kFvaye<br />
<br />
root@server1:~#<br />
<br />
<br />
root@server1:~# vgdisplay<br />
--- Volume group ---<br />
VG Name server1<br />
System ID<br />
Format lvm2<br />
Metadata Areas 1<br />
Metadata Sequence No 4<br />
VG Access read/write<br />
VG Status resizable<br />
MAX LV 0<br />
Cur LV 3<br />
Open LV 3<br />
Max PV 0<br />
Cur PV 1<br />
Act PV 1<br />
VG Size 29.52 GB<br />
PE Size 4.00 MB<br />
Total PE 7557<br />
Alloc PE / Size 7557 / 29.52 GB<br />
Free PE / Size 0 / 0<br />
VG UUID PH5Hpc-jqeP-BFYs-wWlA-hu03-qwuQ-0cNIu3<br />
<br />
root@server1:~#<br />
<br />
<br />
root@server1:~# lvdisplay<br />
--- Logical volume ---<br />
LV Name /dev/server1/swap<br />
VG Name server1<br />
LV UUID RCeLCK-MO5p-xoMq-SwTT-n2NV-GaP6-GaemDp<br />
LV Write Access read/write<br />
LV Status available<br />
# open 2<br />
LV Size 1.00 GB<br />
Current LE 256<br />
Segments 1<br />
Allocation inherit<br />
Read ahead sectors auto<br />
- currently set to 256<br />
Block device 254:0<br />
<br />
--- Logical volume ---<br />
LV Name /dev/server1/root<br />
VG Name server1<br />
LV UUID 5Wen7n-xYmh-MQz1-fKH5-0XXa-1y2t-V3PYbb<br />
LV Write Access read/write<br />
LV Status available<br />
# open 1<br />
LV Size 19.53 GB<br />
Current LE 5000<br />
Segments 1<br />
Allocation inherit<br />
Read ahead sectors auto<br />
- currently set to 256<br />
Block device 254:1<br />
<br />
--- Logical volume ---<br />
LV Name /dev/server1/mysql<br />
VG Name server1<br />
LV UUID wk8yb6-fDl8-4tg3-tneT-1dDe-wWdy-AfGZ5I<br />
LV Write Access read/write<br />
LV Status available<br />
# open 1<br />
LV Size 8.99 GB<br />
Current LE 2301<br />
Segments 1<br />
Allocation inherit<br />
Read ahead sectors auto<br />
- currently set to 256<br />
Block device 254:2<br />
<br />
root@server1:~# </i><br />
Here's an overview of my two hard drives:<br />
<div class="system"><i>root@server1:~# fdisk -l<br />
<br />
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes</i> <i><br />
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders<br />
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes<br />
Disk identifier: 0x0009353f<br />
</i> <i> Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System<br />
/dev/sda1 * 1 62 497983+ 83 Linux<br />
/dev/sda2 63 3916 30957255 5 Extended<br />
/dev/sda5 63 3916 30957223+ 8e Linux LVM<br />
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes</i> <i><br />
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders<br />
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes<br />
Disk identifier: 0x00000000<br />
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table</i> <i><br />
root@server1:~#</i></div><i> </i> <b>2 Preparing /dev/sdb</b><i><br />
</i>Before we can create snapshots on /dev/sdb, we must partition it (Linux LVM) and add it to our volume group (server1).<i><br />
<br />
I will now create the partition /dev/sdb1 and add it to the server1 volume group:<br />
<br />
fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
<br />
server1:~# fdisk /dev/sdb<br />
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel<br />
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,<br />
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous<br />
content won't be recoverable.<br />
<br />
<br />
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.<br />
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,<br />
and could in certain setups cause problems with:<br />
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)<br />
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs<br />
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)<br />
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)<br />
<br />
Command (m for help): <-- n<br />
Command action<br />
e extended<br />
p primary partition (1-4)<br />
<-- p<br />
Partition number (1-4): <-- 1<br />
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): <-- [ENTER]<br />
Using default value 1<br />
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305): <-- [ENTER]<br />
Using default value 1305<br />
<br />
Command (m for help): <-- t<br />
Selected partition 1<br />
Hex code (type L to list codes): <-- 8e<br />
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)<br />
<br />
Command (m for help): <-- w<br />
The partition table has been altered!<br />
<br />
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.<br />
Syncing disks.<br />
<br />
pvcreate /dev/sdb1<br />
vgextend server1 /dev/sdb1<br />
<br />
That's it - we don't need to create any volumes on it - this will be done by mylvmbackup automatically.</i><br />
<br />
<b>3 Installing And Using mylvmbackup</b><i><br />
</i>Ubuntu 8.10 provides a package for mylvmbackup, therefore we can simply install it as follows:<i><br />
<br />
apt-get install mylvmbackup<br />
</i>Take a look at<i><br />
<br />
man mylvmbackup</i><br />
<br />
to learn how to use it (read the part about InnoDB tables carefully if you're using InnoDB).<br />
<br />
The mylvmbackup configuration file is /etc/mylvmbackup.conf, so you can either specify your options on the command line or in that file (command line options will override the options in /etc/mylvmbackup.conf).<i><br />
</i>The default backup directory is /var/cache/mylvmbackup/backup (unless you specify another location).<br />
<br />
A sample command for backing up MyISAM tables would be:<i></i><br />
<i><br />
</i><br />
<i>mylvmbackup --user=root --password=yourrootsqlpassword --mycnf=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --vgname=server1 --lvname=mysql --backuptype=tar<br />
</i>And for InnoDB:<i><br />
<br />
mylvmbackup --user=root --password=yourrootsqlpassword --innodb_recover --skip_flush_tables --mycnf=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --vgname=server1 --lvname=mysql --backuptype=tar </i><br />
Make sure you fill in the right password, volume group name (server1 here) and the volume name of the volume that contains the MySQL data (the volume is /dev/server1/mysql, therefore the name is mysql).<br />
<br />
I everything goes well, you should see lots of output:<i></i><br />
<i><br />
</i><br />
<i>root@server1:~# mylvmbackup --user=root --password=yourrootsqlpassword --mycnf=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --vgname=server1 --lvname=mysql --backuptype=tar<br />
20081204 19:16:58 Info: Connecting to database...<br />
20081204 19:16:58 Info: Flushing tables with read lock...<br />
20081204 19:16:58 Info: Taking position record...<br />
20081204 19:16:58 Info: Taking snapshot...<br />
File descriptor 3 left open<br />
Logical volume "mysql_snapshot" created<br />
20081204 19:16:58 Info: Unlocking tables...<br />
20081204 19:16:58 Info: Disconnecting from database...<br />
20081204 19:16:58 Info: Mounting snapshot...<br />
20081204 19:16:59 Info: Copying my.cnf...<br />
20081204 19:16:59 Info: Taking actual backup...<br />
20081204 19:16:59 Info: Creating tar archive /var/cache/mylvmbackup/backup/backup-20081204_191658_mysql.tar.gz<br />
backup/<br />
backup/mydb/<br />
backup/mydb/sys_modules.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/dns_a.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_dienste.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_server_ip.frm<br />
backup/mydb/dns_spf.frm<br />
backup/mydb/dns_a.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_fakt_dep.frm<br />
backup/mydb/multidoc_dep.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_web_template.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/sys_nodes.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/listtype.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/help_documents.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/help_tickets.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/doctype.frm<br />
backup/mydb/login.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_com.frm<br />
backup/mydb/help_documents.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_dep.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/help_documents.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_server.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_fakt_nodes.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/sys_config.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/dns_nodes.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/sys_config.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_monitor.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_server_ip.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_datenbank.frm<br />
backup/mydb/dns_secondary.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_nodes.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/dns_isp_dns.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/help_nodes.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_fakt_nodes.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_server.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_domain.frm<br />
backup/mydb/dns_dep.frm<br />
backup/mydb/session.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_cron.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_fakt_record.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_monitor.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_fakt_rechnung.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/listtype.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_fakt_rechnung.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_traffic.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_fakt_dep.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/user_groups.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_fakt_record.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_fakt_artikel.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_htaccess.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/sys_nodes.frm<br />
backup/mydb/groups.frm<br />
backup/mydb/login.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_firewall.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_server.frm<br />
backup/mydb/help_tickets.frm<br />
backup/mydb/multidoc_dep.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/dns_nodes.frm<br />
backup/mydb/dns_a.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/sys_config.frm<br />
backup/mydb/dns_isp_dns.frm<br />
backup/mydb/dns_mx.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_web.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_serverstatus.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_serverstatus.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/sys_dep.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_cron.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/session.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_admin.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/dns_ptr.frm<br />
backup/mydb/dns_mx.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_domain.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/sys_dep.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/dns_spf.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/user_groups.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/sys_news.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_actions.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/doctype.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/multidoc_nodes.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_fakt_artikel.frm<br />
backup/mydb/sys_news.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_traffic.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/user_groups.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/sys_news.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/listtype.frm<br />
backup/mydb/del_status.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_fakt_nodes.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_kunde.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_dienste.frm<br />
backup/mydb/dns_mx.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/doctype.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/help_tickets.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/dns_secondary.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/dns_ptr.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_reseller.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_dienste.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_datenbank.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_actions.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_web.frm<br />
backup/mydb/db.opt<br />
backup/mydb/isp_server_ip.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/multidoc_nodes.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/dns_nodes.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_fakt_rechnung.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_reseller.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_nodes.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_htaccess.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_web_template.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_domain.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/dns_secondary.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/dns_dep.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_firewall.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/help_nodes.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_admin.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_cron.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_datenbank.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_traffic_ip.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_fakt_dep.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_dep.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/dns_dep.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_reseller.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/dns_isp_dns.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_fakt_artikel.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/multidoc_dep.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/multidoc_nodes.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/del_status.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/groups.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_web_template.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_htaccess.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_dep.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_web.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_user.frm<br />
backup/mydb/session.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_admin.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_kunde.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_user.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_fakt_record.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_nodes.frm<br />
backup/mydb/groups.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/del_status.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/dns_spf.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_com.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_user.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/dns_cname.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_com.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/dns_cname.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/sys_modules.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_traffic_ip.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/help_nodes.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/sys_user.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_traffic_ip.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/sys_user.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/sys_modules.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_serverstatus.frm<br />
backup/mydb/sys_dep.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_firewall.frm<br />
backup/mydb/isp_monitor.MYD<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_kunde.frm<br />
backup/mydb/dns_cname.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_isp_actions.frm<br />
backup/mydb/sys_user.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/sys_nodes.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/dns_ptr.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/isp_traffic.MYI<br />
backup/mydb/login.frm<br />
backup/ib_logfile0<br />
backup/mysql_upgrade_info<br />
backup/debian-5.0.flag<br />
backup/mysql/<br />
backup/mysql/host.MYD<br />
backup/mysql/procs_priv.MYD<br />
backup/mysql/time_zone_transition.MYD<br />
backup/mysql/proc.MYI<br />
backup/mysql/time_zone_name.frm<br />
backup/mysql/time_zone_name.MYD<br />
backup/mysql/help_relation.MYI<br />
backup/mysql/user.MYD<br />
backup/mysql/help_category.MYI<br />
backup/mysql/time_zone.frm<br />
backup/mysql/func.MYD<br />
backup/mysql/help_category.MYD<br />
backup/mysql/time_zone_transition.frm<br />
backup/mysql/time_zone_name.MYI<br />
backup/mysql/help_category.frm<br />
backup/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.frm<br />
backup/mysql/time_zone_transition.MYI<br />
backup/mysql/help_relation.MYD<br />
backup/mysql/host.frm<br />
backup/mysql/db.frm<br />
backup/mysql/db.MYI<br />
backup/mysql/columns_priv.frm<br />
backup/mysql/time_zone.MYI<br />
backup/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYD<br />
backup/mysql/func.frm<br />
backup/mysql/columns_priv.MYI<br />
backup/mysql/help_topic.MYD<br />
backup/mysql/host.MYI<br />
backup/mysql/proc.frm<br />
backup/mysql/user.MYI<br />
backup/mysql/help_topic.MYI<br />
backup/mysql/help_relation.frm<br />
backup/mysql/tables_priv.frm<br />
backup/mysql/help_keyword.frm<br />
backup/mysql/user.frm<br />
backup/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYI<br />
backup/mysql/procs_priv.frm<br />
backup/mysql/help_topic.frm<br />
backup/mysql/procs_priv.MYI<br />
backup/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.MYD<br />
backup/mysql/func.MYI<br />
backup/mysql/proc.MYD<br />
backup/mysql/tables_priv.MYD<br />
backup/mysql/help_keyword.MYI<br />
backup/mysql/help_keyword.MYD<br />
backup/mysql/time_zone_leap_second.MYI<br />
backup/mysql/tables_priv.MYI<br />
backup/mysql/db.MYD<br />
backup/mysql/time_zone_transition_type.frm<br />
backup/mysql/time_zone.MYD<br />
backup/mysql/columns_priv.MYD<br />
backup/lost+found/<br />
backup/ibdata1<br />
backup/ib_logfile1<br />
backup-pos/backup-20081204_191658_mysql.pos<br />
backup-pos/backup-20081204_191658_my.cnf<br />
20081204 19:17:00 Info: DONE<br />
20081204 19:17:00 Info: Cleaning up...<br />
20081204 19:17:00 Info: LVM Usage stats:<br />
20081204 19:17:00 Info: LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert<br />
20081204 19:17:00 Info: mysql_snapshot server1 swi-a- 5.00G mysql 0.00<br />
Logical volume "mysql_snapshot" successfully removed<br />
root@server1:~#</i><br />
<br />
Afterwards you can find the backup in the /var/cache/mylvmbackup/backup directory (unless you have specified another location):<br />
<br />
<i></i><br />
<i>ls -l /var/cache/mylvmbackup/backup<br />
<br />
root@server1:~# ls -l /var/cache/mylvmbackup/backup<br />
total 248<br />
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 246847 2008-12-04 19:17 backup-20081204_191658_mysql.tar.gz<br />
root@server1:~#</i><br />
<i><br />
</i><br />
The tar.gz file contains two directories, backup (with the databases and tables from /var/lib/mysql which you can simply copy back after a database crash - the database should be stopped when you do this) and backup-pos which contains your my.cnf file (a backup of /etc/mysql/my.cnf):<i></i><br />
<i><br />
</i><br />
<i>cd /var/cache/mylvmbackup/backup<br />
tar xvfz backup-20081204_191658_mysql.tar.gz<br />
ls -l<br />
<br />
root@server1:/var/cache/mylvmbackup/backup# ls -l<br />
total 256<br />
drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 4096 2008-12-04 19:10 backup<br />
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 246847 2008-12-04 19:17 backup-20081204_191658_mysql.tar.gz<br />
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2008-12-04 19:24 backup-pos<br />
root@server1:/var/cache/mylvmbackup/backup#</i><br />
<i><br />
</i><br />
Source (howtoforge)<i><br />
</i>Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-85642450371312765962011-03-01T13:44:00.000+07:002011-03-01T13:44:55.877+07:00Why a Linux Aficionado Uses an iPhone<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.macgeekblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/iphone_linux_sync.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="http://www.macgeekblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/iphone_linux_sync.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> What drives some people to use one mobile platform over another? <br />
Although I’m a diehard Linux advocate, I happen to be a reasonably happy owner of an iPhone 4. You didn't just misread this, I actually prefer using the iPhone over countless Android phones I’ve tried in the past. <br />
With each smartphone tested, I kept finding myself comparing the Android phones to my iPhone. Maybe this is because the iPhone was providing me with the kind of experience I wanted from my smartphone. Why switch something if what you have already works?<br />
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So what would motivate a Linux enthusiast to use something not produced by the open source community, to instead embrace a walled garden of restrictions and boundaries? Oddly enough as an end user, I simply never experienced anxiety from this issue. Instead, I found the iPhone just did what I wanted it to do: it provides me with a stable, usable smartphone experience that I can rely on.<br />
<strong>Initial motivation examined</strong><br />
My relationship with smartphones began long before Apple ever hinted at building a phone of their own. We're talking back when your choices were either BlackBerry, Symbian-based or Windows Mobile phones. Since, I wasn't interested in Windows Mobile, this led me first to a Symbian-based phone, and then later on to BlackBerry. <br />
For years, I had a love affair with my BlackBerry. It was the first smartphone I could operate with one hand. You might think this is a silly thing to point out, but for multitaskers, being able to operate a smartphone effectively with a single palm grip is invaluable. <br />
Yes, the BlackBerry was fantastic for using my calendar, email and keeping everything synced up nicely. What else could I possibly ask for? As it turned out, something pretty darned important! The mobile browser provided on my BlackBerry was terrible. I wanted a browser that didn't make Web surfing a painful experience.<br />
The Web browsing experience brought me around to the first version of the iPhone. While I loved my experience on the BlackBerry (for the most part), the iPhone easily topped the BlackBerry in Web browsing. There wasn't even a contest between the two devices in this space. <br />
Unfortunately I was locked into my BlackBerry for a while with no upgrades available. And to be honest, I'm simply not an early adopter with my mobile devices. I rely on them too much and couldn't afford to wait while any potential “bugs” were being fixed. So I waited. Once my upgrade was available, I switched my BlackBerry to the iPhone 3G.<br />
Obviously, the lack of open source software or even the fact that I could have switched to T-Mobile at the time and purchased an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC_G1">HTC G1</a> crossed my mind. But after trying the G1, I was convinced that I'd be sticking with the iPhone despite what everyone in the media was saying at the time. <br />
To be honest, the G1 was a terrible phone. That was my earliest impression of Android. I wasn't impressed in the slightest with the G1. That experience left me feeling quite skeptical about Android's development from that day forward.<br />
<strong>What about Android and Open Source?</strong><br />
You might think that I'm walking around with an Apple logo tattooed to my forehead. Nothing could be further from the truth. I can't stand OS X. <br />
I find it irritating to use despite many attempts. My wife has an iMac in her office, while my own office is full of Linux PCs, plus one iPhone. I simply find that iOS meets my expectations while OS X makes me want to break things. I am unable to offer any deeper comparison than that.<br />
Remember, this has nothing to do with brand loyalty. I don't use iTunes for anything short of upgrading my iPhone and I stay clear of all other Apple products. The iPhone is simply a tool that allows me to do what I need to do. Owning the iPhone 4 is simply an extension of this access to the functionality I want in a smartphone.<br />
Now today's Android phones are looking sharp. And it wouldn't be impossible to see myself using an Android 3.x+ phone in the near future when my next upgrade comes around.<br />
After all, both the iPhone and Android offer many of the same apps. Some of the apps available are even exclusively designed for Android. Yet sadly, nothing has proven compelling enough for me to simply drop a working iPhone 4 and gamble that my experience with some random Android phone is going to be a positive one. <br />
Even with the annoying locked-up nature of the iPhone firmly in my grasp, it's providing me with the expected experience I want from it.<br />
See, the beauty of open source software is that I'm not limited to products taking this approach to licensing. When a product works for me, I openly embrace it. Much like I do with the Linux desktop and utilizing Linux servers. <br />
But this doesn't mean that I'm going to use everything out there with a Linux kernel just because it's got a Linux kernel. In my case, means relying on the Apple iPhone line of smartphones because it fits my needs. As stated previously, I don't know what tomorrow holds. Android is likely to be in my future. That is, it can become something I use – if some additional things are added.<br />
<strong>Getting me to switch to Android – Today</strong><br />
This is bound to come up, so I'll address the question now. What would make me switch to Android, right this very minute? <br />
One of the missing pieces for me personally is already being addressed. We now have Amazon Kindle for Android. But where Android is still falling short is the lack of a music and/or movie store. I personally don't listen to music on my iPhone. I do however, watch video content on my iPhone. <br />
The iPhone’s video choices are rich: Hulu Plus, iTunes movies, Netflix, you name it and the iPhone has an app for it. And despite the clear need for it, Android has no real "movie store" where I can seamlessly purchase great mainstream movies. This is a real let down for a casual user like me.<br />
<div class="arti_holder" style="margin-left: 10px;"> <div class="relate_arti_header">Related Articles</div><div class="relate_arti_holder"><br />
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<li><a href="http://itmanagement.earthweb.com/osrc/article.php/3925141/Nine-Current-Flame-Wars-in-Open-Source.htm">Nine Current Flame Wars in Open Source</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://itmanagement.earthweb.com/osrc/article.php/3925611/20-New-User-Misconceptions-about-Linux.htm">20 New User Misconceptions about Linux</a></li><br />
<li><a href="http://itmanagement.earthweb.com/osrc/article.php/3925806/Open-Source-Software-Top-59-Sites.htm">Open Source Software: Top 59 Sites</a></li><br />
</div></div>Hulu Plus or Netflix on Android then? Nope, although it's been reported that Netflix is <a href="http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/android_owners_netflix_has_good_news_and_bad_news.php">going to be pre-bundled</a> with select new Android phones. As for <a href="http://www.hulu.com/plus?src=topnav#devices">Hulu Plus</a>, it's still in perpetual "pending" status it seems. So unless you want to install Play-On, run a separate PC (using MS Windows) back on the home front to "stream" content to your Android phone, you're just out of luck.<br />
Before the spiteful comments start seeping in about how I’m nuts for allowing something stupid like VOD content availability to dictate which mobile platform I use, please re-read this article. Why? To reiterate, I use my iPhone because it provides me with the experience I want, not one that works for the "masses." <br />
Most of my family is perfectly fine with Android. It's meeting their needs, so the beat goes on. The key take away here is meeting <i>my</i> needs, not theirs or yours.<br />
<strong>Technology need not be a one way street</strong><br />
I genuinely hope that this article will help others see that the technology in your world doesn't have to be bound to a single brand. There is life outside of blind brand/platform loyalty. <br />
For me, this translates into being a full time desktop Linux enthusiast who is content using an iPhone 4. Not because it's better than the open source alternatives, rather because the phone is fulfilling its duties just fine, based on my own expectations.<br />
I encourage you to check out the latest Android phones from your current mobile provider, in addition to the iPhone. Make an informed choice not based on blurred loyalty, but rather because it's offering you the functionality that makes the most sense for you. <br />
Clearly, should my role move into that of an application developer or someone who had to deal with Apple in another capacity, my focus would likely shift sooner to something running Android. Unfortunately though, I merely need to handle my email, calendar and entertainment needs. And this has led me to the device I use to this very day, my Apple iPhone 4. <br />
Tomorrow, who knows, this may very well change.<br />
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Source (Internet)Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-19475619461735806282011-02-28T10:10:00.003+07:002012-04-03T23:57:32.285+07:00Create Boot and run Linux from a USB flash memory stick<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.hungry-hackers.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/linux-usb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://www.hungry-hackers.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/linux-usb.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>Easily install your favorite Linux operating system on a flash drive or <a href="http://adf.ly/788245/linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/2011/02/create-boot-and-run-linux-from-usb.html">USB</a> key no larger than your thumb (Thumb Drive). Your Portable Linux operating system can then be taken with you, and run from any computer that can boot from the <a class="kLink" href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/2011/02/create-boot-and-run-linux-from-usb.html" id="KonaLink1" style="font-family: inherit !important; font-size: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;"><span style="color: #009900; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; position: static;"><span class="kLink" style="color: #009900; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; position: static;">USB</span></span></a> flash device. Bring your entire operating system, desktop, applications, files, email, personal settings, favorites, games and more with you. It’s your own personal operating system you can carry in your pocket. <br />
The Pendrivelinux focus is to provide simplified portable Linux flash drive installation tutorials and custom USB Linux installers, making it easy for anyone to install, boot, and run their favorite Linux from a flash pen drive!<br />
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<i>Universal USB Installer</i> is a <i>Live <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/">Linux</a> USB Creator</i> that allows you to choose from a selection of Linux Distributions to put on your USB Flash Drive. The Universal USB Installer is easy to use. Simply choose a Live Linux Distribution, the ISO file, your Flash Drive and, Click Install. Other features include; Persistence (if available), and the ability to format the flash drive (recommended) to ensure a clean install. Upon completion, you should have a ready to run bootable USB Flash Drive with your select Linux version installed.<br />
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<b>Universal USB Installer (UUI) Screenshots</b><br />
<img alt="Universal USB Installer Steps" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-5477" height="352" src="http://www.pendrivelinux.com/wp-content/uploads/Universal-USB-Installer.png" title="Universal USB Installer" width="450" /><br />
<img alt="Universal USB Installer - Progress Window" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-5479" height="352" src="http://www.pendrivelinux.com/wp-content/uploads/Universal-USB-Installer2.png" title="Universal USB Installer - Progress Window" width="450" /><br />
<b><span style="color: maroon;">Universal-USB-Installer-1.8.3.4.exe – February 18, 2011 – Changes</span></b><br />
Added entries for <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> 10.04.2, Linux Mint 10 KDE, and Linux Mint 10 LXDE. Consolidate both pre-install warning notifications into one.<br />
<a href="http://www.pendrivelinux.com/downloads/Universal-USB-Installer/Universal-USB-Installer-1.8.3.4.exe" name="download" title="Download Universal USB Installer"><br />
</a><br />
<a href="http://adf.ly/788245/www.pendrivelinux.com/downloads/Universal-USB-Installer/Universal-USB-Installer-1.8.3.4.exe" name="download" title="Download Universal USB Installer">Download</a>Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6917099803485324452.post-11080881087031660662011-02-26T11:08:00.000+07:002011-02-26T11:08:43.075+07:00Tutorials Monitor Your Linux Server With SMS Alerts And Performance GraphsThis tutorial shows how you can monitor your Linux server with a tool from <a href="http://www.bijk.com/" target="_blank">Bijk</a> - with email and SMS alerts. Bijk is an open source application, for creating live graphs and alerts, thus monitoring your server performance. With the Basic version of Bijk, you can easily set up email alerts for monitoring almost everything on your server (system overload, disk space usage, <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/Apache">Apache</a> troubles, <a href="http://linuxbasiccommand.blogspot.com/search/label/PHP%20and%20MySQL">MySQL</a>, etc.).<br />
To install Bijk on your Linux server, go to the page <a href="http://www.bijk.com/" target="_blank">http://www.bijk.com</a>, sign up, download and add it to your server in a few easy steps.<br />
You can try the<a href="https://www.bijk.com/try-live-demo/" target="_blank">Online Demo</a> first.<br />
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<a name='more'></a>Bijk is ready for Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS and RedHat and you need only about three minutes to install Bijk on a server.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/bijk_server_monitoring_with_sms_alerts_and_performance_graphs/screen_01_big.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="217" src="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/bijk_server_monitoring_with_sms_alerts_and_performance_graphs/screen_01_big.png" width="320" /></a></div><br />
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<i>Bijk.com - Dashboard - Alerts + Performance graphs</i><br />
Creating alerts about the status of your server could not be easier. An example set-up of the most used alerts is in the short video below. <a href="http://vimeo.com/15767744">http://vimeo.com/15767744</a><br />
Here is the video in most important steps:<br />
1) Go to the alerts set-up page and find the function you want to monitor.<br />
2) Choose the email or SMS where you want to receive the alert.<br />
3) Bijk automatically chooses the critical range to monitor so you only change this if you wish.<br />
That's all! It cannot be more easy.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/bijk_server_monitoring_with_sms_alerts_and_performance_graphs/bijk-alerts.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="268" src="http://static.howtoforge.com/images/bijk_server_monitoring_with_sms_alerts_and_performance_graphs/bijk-alerts.png" width="320" /></a></div><i>Alerts status - Detail page with all servers and all checks</i><br />
As you can see you simply add monitoring checks for PING, URL, LOAD, Memory usage, CPU usage, disk usage and much more.<br />
All the alert settings are customizable from your browser, you don't need to edit any configuration files on your server.Juegos Juegoshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00405834216278685316noreply@blogger.com3