The Pendrivelinux focus is to provide simplified portable Linux flash drive installation tutorials and custom USB Linux installers, making it easy for anyone to install, boot, and run their favorite Linux from a flash pen drive!
2/28/2011
Create Boot and run Linux from a USB flash memory stick
The Pendrivelinux focus is to provide simplified portable Linux flash drive installation tutorials and custom USB Linux installers, making it easy for anyone to install, boot, and run their favorite Linux from a flash pen drive!
2/26/2011
Tutorials Monitor Your Linux Server With SMS Alerts And Performance Graphs
This tutorial shows how you can monitor your Linux server with a tool from Bijk - with email and SMS alerts. Bijk is an open source application, for creating live graphs and alerts, thus monitoring your server performance. With the Basic version of Bijk, you can easily set up email alerts for monitoring almost everything on your server (system overload, disk space usage, Apache troubles, MySQL, etc.).
To install Bijk on your Linux server, go to the page http://www.bijk.com, sign up, download and add it to your server in a few easy steps.
You can try theOnline Demo first.
To install Bijk on your Linux server, go to the page http://www.bijk.com, sign up, download and add it to your server in a few easy steps.
You can try theOnline Demo first.
2/25/2011
Create and configure VPS on Linux OpenVZ
1.Create VPS. VPS means Virtual Private Server, it's the GuestOS in short. I installed CentOS 4 for VPS because there is no template of CentOS 5 for VPS.
[root@ns ~]# yum -y vztmpl-centos-4-2.0-2 # tempalte for CentOS 4
Loading "installonlyn" plugin
Loading "fastestmirror" plugin
Setting up Install Process
Setting up repositories
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Reading repository metadata in from local files
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for vztmpl-centos-4 to pack into transaction set.
[root@ns ~]# yum -y vztmpl-centos-4-2.0-2 # tempalte for CentOS 4
Loading "installonlyn" plugin
Loading "fastestmirror" plugin
Setting up Install Process
Setting up repositories
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Reading repository metadata in from local files
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for vztmpl-centos-4 to pack into transaction set.
2/23/2011
Creating MySQL Backups With AutoMySQLBackup On Ubuntu 9.10
AutoMySQLBackup is a shell script that lets you take daily, weekly and monthly backups of your MySQL databases using mysqldump. It can back up multiple databases, compress the backups, back up remote databases, and email the logs. This tutorial explains how to install and use it on an Ubuntu 9.10 server.
do not issue any guarantee that this will work for you!
1 Preliminary Note
AutoMySQLBackup uses mysqldump to create SQL dumps of your databases. Please note that mysqldump will lock your databases while the backup is being created, and this can take from less than a second up to a few minutes, depending on the size of your database. If you're running a high-traffic web site with a large database, then AutoMySQLBackup is not for you!
This script will not help in the event of a hard drive crash. You should copy your backups offline regularly for best protection.
I'm running all the steps in this tutorial with root privileges, so make sure you're logged in as root:
sudo su
do not issue any guarantee that this will work for you!
1 Preliminary Note
AutoMySQLBackup uses mysqldump to create SQL dumps of your databases. Please note that mysqldump will lock your databases while the backup is being created, and this can take from less than a second up to a few minutes, depending on the size of your database. If you're running a high-traffic web site with a large database, then AutoMySQLBackup is not for you!
This script will not help in the event of a hard drive crash. You should copy your backups offline regularly for best protection.
I'm running all the steps in this tutorial with root privileges, so make sure you're logged in as root:
sudo su
2/22/2011
Mandriva Linux
- Download Mandriva:
http://www.mandriva.com/en/downloads/
- Installing and Removing software
http://wiki.mandriva.com/en/Docs/Basic_tasks/Installing_and_removing_software
- Installing Mandriva Linux- Full tutorial
http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/install_mandriva.html
http://www.mandriva.com/en/downloads/
- Installing and Removing software
http://wiki.mandriva.com/en/Docs/Basic_tasks/Installing_and_removing_software
- Installing Mandriva Linux- Full tutorial
http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/install_mandriva.html
2/21/2011
Ubuntu guide
Welcome to the Ubuntu Desktop Guide, a comprehensive guide to using Ubuntu in a desktop
environment.
The guide is divided into the following chapters:
1. Getting Started - An introduction to the world of Ubuntu and some basic concepts which are
useful when getting started.
2. Adding, Removing and Updating Applications - How to manage your software in Ubuntu.
3. Common Tasks - Performing common tasks on Ubuntu, including playing music and video, using
the internet, office and graphics programs and more.
4. Configuring Your System - Change the settings of your Ubuntu system according to your needs.
5. Getting More Help - Where to find help if this guide doesn't provide the answer.
HTML and PDF versions of the manual are available online at the Ubuntu Documentation website
[http://help.ubuntu.com].
You can buy this guide in book form from our Lulu store [http://www.lulu.com/ubuntu-doc]. You
will only pay for the price of printing and postage.
Link Download Ubuntu Desktop: Download
Link Download Ubuntu Server: Download
environment.
The guide is divided into the following chapters:
1. Getting Started - An introduction to the world of Ubuntu and some basic concepts which are
useful when getting started.
2. Adding, Removing and Updating Applications - How to manage your software in Ubuntu.
3. Common Tasks - Performing common tasks on Ubuntu, including playing music and video, using
the internet, office and graphics programs and more.
4. Configuring Your System - Change the settings of your Ubuntu system according to your needs.
5. Getting More Help - Where to find help if this guide doesn't provide the answer.
HTML and PDF versions of the manual are available online at the Ubuntu Documentation website
[http://help.ubuntu.com].
You can buy this guide in book form from our Lulu store [http://www.lulu.com/ubuntu-doc]. You
will only pay for the price of printing and postage.
Link Download Ubuntu Desktop: Download
Link Download Ubuntu Server: Download
Linux password change
Change User PasswordYou must login as root user, type the following command to change password for user vivek:
# passwd vivekOutput:
Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully
Change Group Password
# passwd -g sales (with sales~ group)10 ways the Linux desktop improves the user experience
Many of you out there doubt the user-friendliness, the power, and the flexibility of the Linux desktop. But after 10-plus years of using the Linux desktop, I’m pretty confident I can put those concerns to rest. Not only is the Linux desktop user-friendly, powerful, and flexible, it also improves on the standard desktop metaphor — in many ways.
Here are 10 of the best ways that the Linux desktop improves on the standard. By the time you’ve finished reading this, your interest should be piqued enough to at least want to try one of the Linux desktops.
1: More efficiency
If you work in either the Windows or Mac desktop, you know efficiency was not a key factor in the design. Simplicity yes. Efficiency no. Think about it. When you’re working with many windows open in Windows, what do you do? You minimize them until your task bar is filled with minimized windows or you tile your windows until you need a bloodhound to locate the window you want to work with.
In the Linux desktop, you have many ways to help you work more efficiently. You can take advantage of the Pager and place windows that belong to various tasks on their own desktop. You can also use a feature like Fluxbox’ window grouping. If you like your windows all on the same desktop but don’t like to minimize all the time, you can shade the windows up so that all is showing is the title bar.
2: No more “lock down”
With Windows or OS X, you get what you get and no more. Sure you can install third-party applications in Windows to make a difference, but you will never have the flexibility you get with a Linux desktop. And if you don’t like the desktop you are using in Linux, you can use a different one. Because Linux distributions are not locked down to any one window manager or desktop, you can pretty much get exactly what you want. You want full-blown eye candy? You got it. You want the bare minimum? You got it. You want something somewhere in between (or even a combination)? You got it. Linux pretty much blows the latch on the lock down so you can make your desktop be and do anything you want. And you don’t have to fear too much configuration or too many options. You can start with the basic desktop and live with that all your computing life, if you choose. But eventually, you’re likely to discover how far you can bend the desktop metaphor with Linux. Bend away; it will not break.
3: Easier use of removable media
For the longest time, removable media was the Achilles heel of Linux. How do I use my CD drive? Where is my iPod? No new user wants to have to mount a removable drive to use it. But now, thanks to HAL and/or DBUS, this is no longer an issue. Insert a CD and it’s there to use. Plug in your iPod and it should be there in /media ready for you. How does this improve the experience? When you insert a CD or DVD into a Windows machine, unless there is an autorun feature on the disk, you have to go to My Computer and find the disk drive to access the contents of the disk. With Linux, when you insert a disk, an icon will pop up on your desktop with the label of the disk. To get to the contents of that disk, all you have to do is click (or double-click) on that icon to open up a file browser to the contents of that disk. And in most cases, the desktop will automatically open up contents of the disk in the appropriate application. This is the default behavior of most modern desktops shipped with most modern distributions.
4: Eye candy
Have you played with Compiz, KDE 4, or Elive Compiz? That is what desktop eye candy is all about. Microsoft tried to offer eye candy with Vista. It failed. It will try again with Windows 7, but I predict it will fail again. OS X offers more eye candy than Windows, but it is still limited eye candy. Now you’re probably asking, “What does this have to do with anyone in the IT industry?” Not much, to be honest. But the majority of users out there are not IT pros. They’re less tech-savvy users who do much less work on a PC but would love to have a desktop that they could play with. People, average people, like WOW factor. The average user wants to be impressed with how things look. Otherwise, there would be no market for Apple computers. People like shiny, pretty things, and the Linux desktop offers shiny, pretty things out the wazoo.
5: No more random, over-crowded menus
Every once in a while, I have to write about Vista. Typically, I am installing an application to write about, and Vista just tacks it onto the Start Menu. Before long, that start menu becomes too large to be useful. With Linux, this doesn’t happen. In modern KDE or GNOME, when you install an application, the installation process inserts the menu entry in the correct place. If it is a word processor, it will go on the Office menu. If it is a network tool, it will go on the Internet menu. This categorizing of menu entries makes getting to your applications so much easier than the Windows or the OS X method. Sure, you can toss up a desktop shortcut for every application you install — but then you have a desktop full of icons. A desktop with more thought put into the design is much easier to use than one that seems as haphazard as Windows.
6: How much does your desktop “weigh”?
All your resources are belong to us.” Vista was huge. Vista devoured your resources. A big reason for that was the desktop. Windows 7 will be better, but how could it not? Having an operating system where the desktop eats up a majority of your resources is counterproductive to being productive. When you need to dedicate your CPU cycles to more important applications — like work — you need a desktop that is not going to fight those applications tooth and nail for your resources. Yes RAM is cheap now. But tossing in more RAM should not be considered a solution. That’s simply avoiding the problem. It’s the Microsoft way. The Linux way is to optimize applications so they do not require as much RAM. The desktop is a perfect example of this.
7: Compliant desktop
The Linux desktop is the desktop for the people by the people. The Linux desktop asks you want you want to do, it does not tell you what you want to do. One of the true beauties of the Linux desktop is that it works with you. Microsoft’s old slogan was “Where do you want to go today?” And Microsoft took you places, but it always took you places its way. Let me give you an example. I don’t like icons and panels. I like mouse menus and LOTS of transparency. I like the 3D cube. Getting that out of a Windows desktop would be a nightmare. Pulling that trick on Linux is simple. In fact, I can find a distribution that has that exact desktop by default. Or I can put together my own desktop using various window managers and applets. Is the average user going to do this? Not really. But the average user could do this.
8: Better keyboarding
I like to work as efficiently as I can. That means not constantly having to move back and forth between my keyboard and my mouse. With the Linux desktop, keyboard shortcuts are the norm. I can do nearly everything I need without having to move my fingers off the keyboard. And if there isn’t a keyboard shortcut for an action, I can create one. Nearly every Linux desktop has a tool to allow keybindings. You can even bind that insipid Windows key so that it does something useful (besides bringing up the Start menu).
9: Widgets done right
If you’ve played with KDE 4, you have experienced the widget. This is where the Linux desktop merges with the Apple desktop — only the Apple version was a rip-off of the original Superkaramba. This application places small widgets on the desktop that serve various uses (from news tickers to system information to viewing comic strips). These widgets take very little resources and can be quickly hidden or viewed. Microsoft tried this in Vista with the Google sidebar. It failed miserably. KDE 4 widgets work well and make the user experience much better by having often used or often viewed widgets (or information) readily available at all times.
10:Topnotch update systems
In more modern Linux desktops, updates are obvious and readily available. And they don’t always come in huge chunks like the Windows updates. Instead, you’ll find more “micro updates” that take care of single bugs or smaller sets of bugs. And these updates come out fast. So when a bug is discovered, it will be squashed quickly. The most recent GNOME desktop has one of the best update systems available, with a system tray notifier that makes it obvious there is an update and makes it simple to either run the update or not. It’s the single most user-friendly update tool available.
On board with Linux?
So now you know some of the things that make the Linux desktop more useful. Do they pique your interest? Make you want to give Linux a try if you haven’t already? If that’s the case, join the discussion and share your experience.
(Internet Sources)
Here are 10 of the best ways that the Linux desktop improves on the standard. By the time you’ve finished reading this, your interest should be piqued enough to at least want to try one of the Linux desktops.
1: More efficiency
If you work in either the Windows or Mac desktop, you know efficiency was not a key factor in the design. Simplicity yes. Efficiency no. Think about it. When you’re working with many windows open in Windows, what do you do? You minimize them until your task bar is filled with minimized windows or you tile your windows until you need a bloodhound to locate the window you want to work with.
In the Linux desktop, you have many ways to help you work more efficiently. You can take advantage of the Pager and place windows that belong to various tasks on their own desktop. You can also use a feature like Fluxbox’ window grouping. If you like your windows all on the same desktop but don’t like to minimize all the time, you can shade the windows up so that all is showing is the title bar.
2: No more “lock down”
With Windows or OS X, you get what you get and no more. Sure you can install third-party applications in Windows to make a difference, but you will never have the flexibility you get with a Linux desktop. And if you don’t like the desktop you are using in Linux, you can use a different one. Because Linux distributions are not locked down to any one window manager or desktop, you can pretty much get exactly what you want. You want full-blown eye candy? You got it. You want the bare minimum? You got it. You want something somewhere in between (or even a combination)? You got it. Linux pretty much blows the latch on the lock down so you can make your desktop be and do anything you want. And you don’t have to fear too much configuration or too many options. You can start with the basic desktop and live with that all your computing life, if you choose. But eventually, you’re likely to discover how far you can bend the desktop metaphor with Linux. Bend away; it will not break.
3: Easier use of removable media
For the longest time, removable media was the Achilles heel of Linux. How do I use my CD drive? Where is my iPod? No new user wants to have to mount a removable drive to use it. But now, thanks to HAL and/or DBUS, this is no longer an issue. Insert a CD and it’s there to use. Plug in your iPod and it should be there in /media ready for you. How does this improve the experience? When you insert a CD or DVD into a Windows machine, unless there is an autorun feature on the disk, you have to go to My Computer and find the disk drive to access the contents of the disk. With Linux, when you insert a disk, an icon will pop up on your desktop with the label of the disk. To get to the contents of that disk, all you have to do is click (or double-click) on that icon to open up a file browser to the contents of that disk. And in most cases, the desktop will automatically open up contents of the disk in the appropriate application. This is the default behavior of most modern desktops shipped with most modern distributions.
4: Eye candy
Have you played with Compiz, KDE 4, or Elive Compiz? That is what desktop eye candy is all about. Microsoft tried to offer eye candy with Vista. It failed. It will try again with Windows 7, but I predict it will fail again. OS X offers more eye candy than Windows, but it is still limited eye candy. Now you’re probably asking, “What does this have to do with anyone in the IT industry?” Not much, to be honest. But the majority of users out there are not IT pros. They’re less tech-savvy users who do much less work on a PC but would love to have a desktop that they could play with. People, average people, like WOW factor. The average user wants to be impressed with how things look. Otherwise, there would be no market for Apple computers. People like shiny, pretty things, and the Linux desktop offers shiny, pretty things out the wazoo.
5: No more random, over-crowded menus
Every once in a while, I have to write about Vista. Typically, I am installing an application to write about, and Vista just tacks it onto the Start Menu. Before long, that start menu becomes too large to be useful. With Linux, this doesn’t happen. In modern KDE or GNOME, when you install an application, the installation process inserts the menu entry in the correct place. If it is a word processor, it will go on the Office menu. If it is a network tool, it will go on the Internet menu. This categorizing of menu entries makes getting to your applications so much easier than the Windows or the OS X method. Sure, you can toss up a desktop shortcut for every application you install — but then you have a desktop full of icons. A desktop with more thought put into the design is much easier to use than one that seems as haphazard as Windows.
6: How much does your desktop “weigh”?
All your resources are belong to us.” Vista was huge. Vista devoured your resources. A big reason for that was the desktop. Windows 7 will be better, but how could it not? Having an operating system where the desktop eats up a majority of your resources is counterproductive to being productive. When you need to dedicate your CPU cycles to more important applications — like work — you need a desktop that is not going to fight those applications tooth and nail for your resources. Yes RAM is cheap now. But tossing in more RAM should not be considered a solution. That’s simply avoiding the problem. It’s the Microsoft way. The Linux way is to optimize applications so they do not require as much RAM. The desktop is a perfect example of this.
7: Compliant desktop
The Linux desktop is the desktop for the people by the people. The Linux desktop asks you want you want to do, it does not tell you what you want to do. One of the true beauties of the Linux desktop is that it works with you. Microsoft’s old slogan was “Where do you want to go today?” And Microsoft took you places, but it always took you places its way. Let me give you an example. I don’t like icons and panels. I like mouse menus and LOTS of transparency. I like the 3D cube. Getting that out of a Windows desktop would be a nightmare. Pulling that trick on Linux is simple. In fact, I can find a distribution that has that exact desktop by default. Or I can put together my own desktop using various window managers and applets. Is the average user going to do this? Not really. But the average user could do this.
8: Better keyboarding
I like to work as efficiently as I can. That means not constantly having to move back and forth between my keyboard and my mouse. With the Linux desktop, keyboard shortcuts are the norm. I can do nearly everything I need without having to move my fingers off the keyboard. And if there isn’t a keyboard shortcut for an action, I can create one. Nearly every Linux desktop has a tool to allow keybindings. You can even bind that insipid Windows key so that it does something useful (besides bringing up the Start menu).
9: Widgets done right
If you’ve played with KDE 4, you have experienced the widget. This is where the Linux desktop merges with the Apple desktop — only the Apple version was a rip-off of the original Superkaramba. This application places small widgets on the desktop that serve various uses (from news tickers to system information to viewing comic strips). These widgets take very little resources and can be quickly hidden or viewed. Microsoft tried this in Vista with the Google sidebar. It failed miserably. KDE 4 widgets work well and make the user experience much better by having often used or often viewed widgets (or information) readily available at all times.
10:Topnotch update systems
In more modern Linux desktops, updates are obvious and readily available. And they don’t always come in huge chunks like the Windows updates. Instead, you’ll find more “micro updates” that take care of single bugs or smaller sets of bugs. And these updates come out fast. So when a bug is discovered, it will be squashed quickly. The most recent GNOME desktop has one of the best update systems available, with a system tray notifier that makes it obvious there is an update and makes it simple to either run the update or not. It’s the single most user-friendly update tool available.
On board with Linux?
So now you know some of the things that make the Linux desktop more useful. Do they pique your interest? Make you want to give Linux a try if you haven’t already? If that’s the case, join the discussion and share your experience.
(Internet Sources)
2/19/2011
Ghosting Linux
This is a short but potentially extremely handy guide to ghosting one Linux box to another (or simply making a full backup of a desktop/server). Credit goes to 'topdog' for this.
You might have a small office where you customise one desktop just how you like it and need to roll this out to N other PC's or simply want a backup of a server or desktop to another machine or even to an image file.
The main tool here is netcat which is extremely powerful and has a multitude of other great uses that won't be covered here.
Target Machine:
** Boot to linux rescue mode with networking (CentOS works fine)
Initiate netcat to listen on port 30 - # nc -l -p <portnumber> | dd of=/dev/sda (assuming the hard drive is sda and not hda):
# nc -l -p 30 | dd of=/dev/sda
Source Machine:
Dump the contents of the disk to the target PC - #dd if=/dev/sda | nc <ipaddresstarget> <portnumber>
# dd if=/dev/sda | nc 192.168.0.20 30
Then to check that traffic is flowing, on the source go to another terminal (ALT/F2) and dump the tcp data on the NIC (assuming it's eth0):
tcpdump -tnli eth0 port 30
If you just want a backup image you could change the above output on the taget to:
# nc -l -p 30 | dd of=mybackup.img
That's it. Naturally the target PC/disk cannot be smaller than the source:) I hope this saves someone a lot of time.
You might have a small office where you customise one desktop just how you like it and need to roll this out to N other PC's or simply want a backup of a server or desktop to another machine or even to an image file.
The main tool here is netcat which is extremely powerful and has a multitude of other great uses that won't be covered here.
Target Machine:
** Boot to linux rescue mode with networking (CentOS works fine)
Initiate netcat to listen on port 30 - # nc -l -p <portnumber> | dd of=/dev/sda (assuming the hard drive is sda and not hda):
# nc -l -p 30 | dd of=/dev/sda
Source Machine:
Dump the contents of the disk to the target PC - #dd if=/dev/sda | nc <ipaddresstarget> <portnumber>
# dd if=/dev/sda | nc 192.168.0.20 30
Then to check that traffic is flowing, on the source go to another terminal (ALT/F2) and dump the tcp data on the NIC (assuming it's eth0):
tcpdump -tnli eth0 port 30
If you just want a backup image you could change the above output on the taget to:
# nc -l -p 30 | dd of=mybackup.img
That's it. Naturally the target PC/disk cannot be smaller than the source:) I hope this saves someone a lot of time.
2/17/2011
Start and operation BIND
Start BIND
[1] Configuration of BIND completed, However, Create chroot environment before making named run.
[root@ns ~]# yum -y install bind-chroot
[root@ns ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/named start
[root@ns ~]# chkconfig named on
Operation check
[2] Make sure server can resolve domain names or IP addresses.
[root@ns ~]# dig ns.server-linux.info.
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4 <<>> ns.server-linux.info.
;; global options: printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 54592
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ns.server-linux.info. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
ns.server-linux.info. 86400 IN A 192.168.0.17
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
server-linux.info. 86400 IN NS ns.server-linux.info.
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.0.17#53(192.168.0.17)
;; WHEN: Thu Mar 8 19:35:19 2007
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 68
[1] Configuration of BIND completed, However, Create chroot environment before making named run.
[root@ns ~]# yum -y install bind-chroot
[root@ns ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/named start
[root@ns ~]# chkconfig named on
Operation check
[2] Make sure server can resolve domain names or IP addresses.
[root@ns ~]# dig ns.server-linux.info.
; <<>> DiG 9.3.4 <<>> ns.server-linux.info.
;; global options: printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 54592
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ns.server-linux.info. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
ns.server-linux.info. 86400 IN A 192.168.0.17
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
server-linux.info. 86400 IN NS ns.server-linux.info.
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.0.17#53(192.168.0.17)
;; WHEN: Thu Mar 8 19:35:19 2007
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 68
2/16/2011
Create zone files that servers resolve IP address from domain name on linux.
Create zone files that servers resolve IP address from domain name on linux.
[1] For internal zone
This example uses internal address[192.168.0.0/24], domain name[server-linux.info], but please use your own one when you set config on your server.
[root@ns ~]# vi /var/named/server-linux.info.lan
$TTL86400
@INSOAns.server-linux.info. root.server-linux.info. (
2007041501;Serial
3600;Refresh
1800;Retry
604800;Expire
86400;Minimum TTL
)
# define name server
INNSns.server-linux.info.
# internal IP address of name server
INA192.168.0.17
# define Mail exchanger
INMX 10ns.server-linux.info.
# define IP address and hostname
nsINA192.168.0.17
[2] For external zone
This example uses external address[172.16.0.80/29], domain name[server-linux.info], but please use your own one when you set config on your server.
[root@ns ~]# vi /var/named/server-linux.info.wan
$TTL86400
@INSOAns.server-linux.info. root.server-linux.info. (
2007041501;Serial
3600;Refresh
1800;Retry
604800;Expire
86400;Minimum TTL
)
# define name server
INNSns.server-linux.info.
# external IP address of name server
INA172.16.0.82
# define Mail exchanger
INMX 10ns.server-linux.info.
# define IP address and hostname
nsINA172.16.0.82
Reverse resolution
Create zone files that servers resolve domain names from IP address.
[3] For internal zone
This example uses internal address[192.168.0.0/24], domain name[server-linux.info], but please use your own one when you set config on your server.
[root@ns ~]# vi /var/named/0.168.192.db
$TTL86400
@INSOAns.server-linux.info. root.server-linux.info. (
2007041501;Serial
3600;Refresh
1800;Retry
604800;Expire
86400;Minimum TTL
)
# define name server
INNSns.server-linux.info.
# define range that this domain name in
INPTRserver-linux.info.
# define IP address and hostname
INA255.255.255.0
17INPTRns.server-linux.info.
[4] For external zone
This example uses external address[172.16.0.80/29], domain name[server-linux.info], but please use your own one when you set config on your server.
[root@ns ~]# vi /var/named/80.0.16.172.db
$TTL86400
@INSOAns.server-linux.info. root.server-linux.info. (
2007041501;Serial
3600;Refresh
1800;Retry
604800;Expire
86400;Minimum TTL
)
# define name server
INNSns.server-linux.info.
# define range that this domain name in
INPTRserver-linux.info.
# define IP address and hostname
INA255.255.255.248
82INPTRns.server-linux.info.
[1] For internal zone
This example uses internal address[192.168.0.0/24], domain name[server-linux.info], but please use your own one when you set config on your server.
[root@ns ~]# vi /var/named/server-linux.info.lan
$TTL86400
@INSOAns.server-linux.info. root.server-linux.info. (
2007041501;Serial
3600;Refresh
1800;Retry
604800;Expire
86400;Minimum TTL
)
# define name server
INNSns.server-linux.info.
# internal IP address of name server
INA192.168.0.17
# define Mail exchanger
INMX 10ns.server-linux.info.
# define IP address and hostname
nsINA192.168.0.17
[2] For external zone
This example uses external address[172.16.0.80/29], domain name[server-linux.info], but please use your own one when you set config on your server.
[root@ns ~]# vi /var/named/server-linux.info.wan
$TTL86400
@INSOAns.server-linux.info. root.server-linux.info. (
2007041501;Serial
3600;Refresh
1800;Retry
604800;Expire
86400;Minimum TTL
)
# define name server
INNSns.server-linux.info.
# external IP address of name server
INA172.16.0.82
# define Mail exchanger
INMX 10ns.server-linux.info.
# define IP address and hostname
nsINA172.16.0.82
Reverse resolution
Create zone files that servers resolve domain names from IP address.
[3] For internal zone
This example uses internal address[192.168.0.0/24], domain name[server-linux.info], but please use your own one when you set config on your server.
[root@ns ~]# vi /var/named/0.168.192.db
$TTL86400
@INSOAns.server-linux.info. root.server-linux.info. (
2007041501;Serial
3600;Refresh
1800;Retry
604800;Expire
86400;Minimum TTL
)
# define name server
INNSns.server-linux.info.
# define range that this domain name in
INPTRserver-linux.info.
# define IP address and hostname
INA255.255.255.0
17INPTRns.server-linux.info.
[4] For external zone
This example uses external address[172.16.0.80/29], domain name[server-linux.info], but please use your own one when you set config on your server.
[root@ns ~]# vi /var/named/80.0.16.172.db
$TTL86400
@INSOAns.server-linux.info. root.server-linux.info. (
2007041501;Serial
3600;Refresh
1800;Retry
604800;Expire
86400;Minimum TTL
)
# define name server
INNSns.server-linux.info.
# define range that this domain name in
INPTRserver-linux.info.
# define IP address and hostname
INA255.255.255.248
82INPTRns.server-linux.info.
Install and configure OpenVZ.
[1] Install Operation Commands for OpenVZ.
[root@ns ~]# yum -y install vzctrl vzquota vzpkg
Loading "installonlyn" plugin
Loading "fastestmirror" plugin
Setting up Install Process
Setting up repositories
openvz-kernel-rhel5 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00
openvz-utils 100% |=========================|951 B 00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Reading repository metadata in from local files
primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 31 kB 00:00
openvz-ker: ######################################### 14/14
Added 14 new packages, deleted 0 old in 0.26 seconds
primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 5.3 kB 00:00
openvz-uti: ######################################### 21/21
Added 21 new packages, deleted 0 old in 0.13 seconds
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for vzpkg to pack into transaction set.
vzpkg-2.7.0-18.noarch.rpm 100% |====================| 4.2 kB 00:00
---> Package vzpkg.noarch 0:2.7.0-18 set to be updated
---> Downloading header for vzquota to pack into transaction set.
vzquota-3.0.9-1.i386.rpm 100% |====================| 3.5 kB 00:00
---> Package vzquota.i386 0:3.0.9-1 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
--> Processing Dependency: vzyum >= 2.4.0-5 for package: vzpkg
--> Processing Dependency: vzctl >= 2.7.0-23 for package: vzpkg
--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for vzctl to pack into transaction set.
vzctl-3.0.16-1.i386.rpm 100% |====================| 16 kB 00:00
---> Package vzctl.i386 0:3.0.16-1 set to be updated
---> Downloading header for vzyum to pack into transaction set.
vzyum-2.4.0-11.noarch.rpm 100% |====================| 1８ kB 00:00
---> Package vzyum.noarch 0:2.4.0-11 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
--> Processing Dependency: libvzctl-0.0.2.so for package: vzctl
--> Processing Dependency: vzctl-lib = 3.0.16-1 for package: vzctl
--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for vzctl-lib to pack into transaction set.
vzctl-lib-3.0.16-1.i386.r 100% |====================| 2.5 kB 00:00
---> Package vzctl-lib.i386 0:3.0.16-1 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================================
Installing:
vzpkg noarch 2.7.0-18 openvz-utils 39 k
vzquota i386 3.0.9-1 openvz-utils 47 k
Installing for dependencies:
vzctl i386 3.0.16-1 openvz-utils 132 k
vzctl-lib i386 3.0.16-1 openvz-utils 168 k
vzyum noarch 2.4.0-11 openvz-utils 361 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================
Install 5 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 747 k
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): vzctl-3.0.16-1.i38 100% |====================| 132 kB 00:00
(2/5): vzpkg-2.7.0-18.noa 100% |====================| 39 kB 00:00
(3/5): vzquota-3.0.9-1.i3 100% |====================| 47 kB 00:00
(4/5): vzctl-lib-3.0.16-1 100% |====================| 168 kB 00:00
(5/5): vzyum-2.4.0-11.noa 100% |====================| 361 kB 00:00
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing: vzyum#################################### [1/5]
Installing: vzctl-lib#################################### [2/5]
Installing: vzquota#################################### [3/5]
Installing: vzctl#################################### [4/5]
Installing: vzpkg#################################### [5/5]
Installed: vzpkg.noarch 0:2.7.0-18 vzquota.i386 0:3.0.9-1
Dependency Installed: vzctl.i386 0:3.0.16-1 vzctl-lib.i386 0:3.0.16-1 vzyum.noarch 0:2.4.0-11
Complete!
[root@ns ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/vz start# start OpenVZ
Starting OpenVZ:[ OK ]
Bringing up interface venet0:[ OK ]
Configuring interface venet0:[ OK ]
From (server-world.info)
[root@ns ~]# yum -y install vzctrl vzquota vzpkg
Loading "installonlyn" plugin
Loading "fastestmirror" plugin
Setting up Install Process
Setting up repositories
openvz-kernel-rhel5 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00
openvz-utils 100% |=========================|951 B 00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Reading repository metadata in from local files
primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 31 kB 00:00
openvz-ker: ######################################### 14/14
Added 14 new packages, deleted 0 old in 0.26 seconds
primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 5.3 kB 00:00
openvz-uti: ######################################### 21/21
Added 21 new packages, deleted 0 old in 0.13 seconds
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for vzpkg to pack into transaction set.
vzpkg-2.7.0-18.noarch.rpm 100% |====================| 4.2 kB 00:00
---> Package vzpkg.noarch 0:2.7.0-18 set to be updated
---> Downloading header for vzquota to pack into transaction set.
vzquota-3.0.9-1.i386.rpm 100% |====================| 3.5 kB 00:00
---> Package vzquota.i386 0:3.0.9-1 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
--> Processing Dependency: vzyum >= 2.4.0-5 for package: vzpkg
--> Processing Dependency: vzctl >= 2.7.0-23 for package: vzpkg
--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for vzctl to pack into transaction set.
vzctl-3.0.16-1.i386.rpm 100% |====================| 16 kB 00:00
---> Package vzctl.i386 0:3.0.16-1 set to be updated
---> Downloading header for vzyum to pack into transaction set.
vzyum-2.4.0-11.noarch.rpm 100% |====================| 1８ kB 00:00
---> Package vzyum.noarch 0:2.4.0-11 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
--> Processing Dependency: libvzctl-0.0.2.so for package: vzctl
--> Processing Dependency: vzctl-lib = 3.0.16-1 for package: vzctl
--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for vzctl-lib to pack into transaction set.
vzctl-lib-3.0.16-1.i386.r 100% |====================| 2.5 kB 00:00
---> Package vzctl-lib.i386 0:3.0.16-1 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================================
Installing:
vzpkg noarch 2.7.0-18 openvz-utils 39 k
vzquota i386 3.0.9-1 openvz-utils 47 k
Installing for dependencies:
vzctl i386 3.0.16-1 openvz-utils 132 k
vzctl-lib i386 3.0.16-1 openvz-utils 168 k
vzyum noarch 2.4.0-11 openvz-utils 361 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================
Install 5 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 747 k
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): vzctl-3.0.16-1.i38 100% |====================| 132 kB 00:00
(2/5): vzpkg-2.7.0-18.noa 100% |====================| 39 kB 00:00
(3/5): vzquota-3.0.9-1.i3 100% |====================| 47 kB 00:00
(4/5): vzctl-lib-3.0.16-1 100% |====================| 168 kB 00:00
(5/5): vzyum-2.4.0-11.noa 100% |====================| 361 kB 00:00
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing: vzyum#################################### [1/5]
Installing: vzctl-lib#################################### [2/5]
Installing: vzquota#################################### [3/5]
Installing: vzctl#################################### [4/5]
Installing: vzpkg#################################### [5/5]
Installed: vzpkg.noarch 0:2.7.0-18 vzquota.i386 0:3.0.9-1
Dependency Installed: vzctl.i386 0:3.0.16-1 vzctl-lib.i386 0:3.0.16-1 vzyum.noarch 0:2.4.0-11
Complete!
[root@ns ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/vz start# start OpenVZ
Starting OpenVZ:[ OK ]
Bringing up interface venet0:[ OK ]
Configuring interface venet0:[ OK ]
From (server-world.info)
2/15/2011
Install Kernel for OpenVZ
[root@ns ~]# yum -y install vzctrl vzquota vzpkg
Loading "installonlyn" plugin
Loading "fastestmirror" plugin
Setting up Install Process
Setting up repositories
openvz-kernel-rhel5 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00
openvz-utils 100% |=========================|951 B 00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Reading repository metadata in from local files
primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 31 kB 00:00
openvz-ker: ######################################### 14/14
Added 14 new packages, deleted 0 old in 0.26 seconds
primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 5.3 kB 00:00
openvz-uti: ######################################### 21/21
Added 21 new packages, deleted 0 old in 0.13 seconds
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for vzpkg to pack into transaction set.
vzpkg-2.7.0-18.noarch.rpm 100% |====================| 4.2 kB 00:00
---> Package vzpkg.noarch 0:2.7.0-18 set to be updated
---> Downloading header for vzquota to pack into transaction set.
vzquota-3.0.9-1.i386.rpm 100% |====================| 3.5 kB 00:00
---> Package vzquota.i386 0:3.0.9-1 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
--> Processing Dependency: vzyum >= 2.4.0-5 for package: vzpkg
--> Processing Dependency: vzctl >= 2.7.0-23 for package: vzpkg
--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for vzctl to pack into transaction set.
vzctl-3.0.16-1.i386.rpm 100% |====================| 16 kB 00:00
---> Package vzctl.i386 0:3.0.16-1 set to be updated
---> Downloading header for vzyum to pack into transaction set.
vzyum-2.4.0-11.noarch.rpm 100% |====================| 1８ kB 00:00
---> Package vzyum.noarch 0:2.4.0-11 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
--> Processing Dependency: libvzctl-0.0.2.so for package: vzctl
--> Processing Dependency: vzctl-lib = 3.0.16-1 for package: vzctl
--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for vzctl-lib to pack into transaction set.
vzctl-lib-3.0.16-1.i386.r 100% |====================| 2.5 kB 00:00
---> Package vzctl-lib.i386 0:3.0.16-1 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================================
Installing:
vzpkg noarch 2.7.0-18 openvz-utils 39 k
vzquota i386 3.0.9-1 openvz-utils 47 k
Installing for dependencies:
vzctl i386 3.0.16-1 openvz-utils 132 k
vzctl-lib i386 3.0.16-1 openvz-utils 168 k
vzyum noarch 2.4.0-11 openvz-utils 361 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================
Install 5 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 747 k
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): vzctl-3.0.16-1.i38 100% |====================| 132 kB 00:00
(2/5): vzpkg-2.7.0-18.noa 100% |====================| 39 kB 00:00
(3/5): vzquota-3.0.9-1.i3 100% |====================| 47 kB 00:00
(4/5): vzctl-lib-3.0.16-1 100% |====================| 168 kB 00:00
(5/5): vzyum-2.4.0-11.noa 100% |====================| 361 kB 00:00
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing: vzyum#################################### [1/5]
Installing: vzctl-lib#################################### [2/5]
Installing: vzquota#################################### [3/5]
Installing: vzctl#################################### [4/5]
Installing: vzpkg#################################### [5/5]
Installed: vzpkg.noarch 0:2.7.0-18 vzquota.i386 0:3.0.9-1
Dependency Installed: vzctl.i386 0:3.0.16-1 vzctl-lib.i386 0:3.0.16-1 vzyum.noarch 0:2.4.0-11
Complete!
[root@ns ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/vz start # start OpenVZ
Starting OpenVZ:[ OK ]
Bringing up interface venet0:[ OK ]
Configuring interface venet0:[ OK ]
Loading "installonlyn" plugin
Loading "fastestmirror" plugin
Setting up Install Process
Setting up repositories
openvz-kernel-rhel5 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00
openvz-utils 100% |=========================|951 B 00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Reading repository metadata in from local files
primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 31 kB 00:00
openvz-ker: ######################################### 14/14
Added 14 new packages, deleted 0 old in 0.26 seconds
primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 5.3 kB 00:00
openvz-uti: ######################################### 21/21
Added 21 new packages, deleted 0 old in 0.13 seconds
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for vzpkg to pack into transaction set.
vzpkg-2.7.0-18.noarch.rpm 100% |====================| 4.2 kB 00:00
---> Package vzpkg.noarch 0:2.7.0-18 set to be updated
---> Downloading header for vzquota to pack into transaction set.
vzquota-3.0.9-1.i386.rpm 100% |====================| 3.5 kB 00:00
---> Package vzquota.i386 0:3.0.9-1 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
--> Processing Dependency: vzyum >= 2.4.0-5 for package: vzpkg
--> Processing Dependency: vzctl >= 2.7.0-23 for package: vzpkg
--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for vzctl to pack into transaction set.
vzctl-3.0.16-1.i386.rpm 100% |====================| 16 kB 00:00
---> Package vzctl.i386 0:3.0.16-1 set to be updated
---> Downloading header for vzyum to pack into transaction set.
vzyum-2.4.0-11.noarch.rpm 100% |====================| 1８ kB 00:00
---> Package vzyum.noarch 0:2.4.0-11 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
--> Processing Dependency: libvzctl-0.0.2.so for package: vzctl
--> Processing Dependency: vzctl-lib = 3.0.16-1 for package: vzctl
--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for vzctl-lib to pack into transaction set.
vzctl-lib-3.0.16-1.i386.r 100% |====================| 2.5 kB 00:00
---> Package vzctl-lib.i386 0:3.0.16-1 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================================
Installing:
vzpkg noarch 2.7.0-18 openvz-utils 39 k
vzquota i386 3.0.9-1 openvz-utils 47 k
Installing for dependencies:
vzctl i386 3.0.16-1 openvz-utils 132 k
vzctl-lib i386 3.0.16-1 openvz-utils 168 k
vzyum noarch 2.4.0-11 openvz-utils 361 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================
Install 5 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 747 k
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): vzctl-3.0.16-1.i38 100% |====================| 132 kB 00:00
(2/5): vzpkg-2.7.0-18.noa 100% |====================| 39 kB 00:00
(3/5): vzquota-3.0.9-1.i3 100% |====================| 47 kB 00:00
(4/5): vzctl-lib-3.0.16-1 100% |====================| 168 kB 00:00
(5/5): vzyum-2.4.0-11.noa 100% |====================| 361 kB 00:00
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing: vzyum#################################### [1/5]
Installing: vzctl-lib#################################### [2/5]
Installing: vzquota#################################### [3/5]
Installing: vzctl#################################### [4/5]
Installing: vzpkg#################################### [5/5]
Installed: vzpkg.noarch 0:2.7.0-18 vzquota.i386 0:3.0.9-1
Dependency Installed: vzctl.i386 0:3.0.16-1 vzctl-lib.i386 0:3.0.16-1 vzyum.noarch 0:2.4.0-11
Complete!
[root@ns ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/vz start # start OpenVZ
Starting OpenVZ:[ OK ]
Bringing up interface venet0:[ OK ]
Configuring interface venet0:[ OK ]
2/14/2011
Install and configure BIND on Linux
Build DNS server which resolves domain name or IP address. Install bind and caching-nameserver for it. And it's also neccessary to configure router so that TCP and UDP packets to 53 can pass through.
1. Install BIND
[root@ns ~]#
yum -y install bind caching-nameserver
2. Configure BIND
This example is done with grobal IP address [172.16.0.80/29], Private IP address [192.168.0.0/24], Domain name [server-linux.info]. However, Please use your own IPs and domain name when you set config on your server. ( Actually, [172.16.0.80/29] is for private IP address, though. )
[root@ns ~]#
vi /etc/named.conf
options {
directory "/var/named";
# query range
allow-query { localhost; 192.168.0.0/24; };
# transfer range
allow-transfer { localhost; 192.168.0.0/24; };
# recursion range
allow-recursion { localhost; 192.168.0.0/24; };
};
controls {
inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndckey; };
};
# here is the section for internal informations
view "internal" {
match-clients {
localhost;
192.168.0.0/24;
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
# set zones for internal
zone "server-linux.info" IN {
type master;
file "server-linux.info.lan";
allow-update { none; };
};
# set zones for internal
zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "0.168.192.db";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "localdomain" IN {
type master;
file "localdomain.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "localhost" IN {
type master;
file "localhost.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.local";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "255.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.broadcast";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.zero";
allow-update { none; };
};
};
view "external" {
match-clients {
any;
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
# set zones for external
zone "server-linux.info" IN {
type master;
file "server-linux.info.wan";
allow-update { none; };
};
# set zones for external *note
zone "80.0.16.172.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "80.0.16.172.db";
allow-update { none; };
};
};
include "/etc/rndc.key";
# *note : For How to write for reverse resolving, Write network address reversely like below.
the case for 192.168.0.0/24
network address
⇒ 192.168.0.0
range of network
⇒ 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.0.255
how to write
⇒ 0.168.192.in-addr.arpa
case of 172.16.0.80/29
network address
⇒ 172.16.0.80
range of network
⇒ 172.16.0.80 - 172.16.0.87
how to write
⇒ 80.0.16.172.in-addr.arpa
From (server-world.info)
1. Install BIND
[root@ns ~]#
yum -y install bind caching-nameserver
2. Configure BIND
This example is done with grobal IP address [172.16.0.80/29], Private IP address [192.168.0.0/24], Domain name [server-linux.info]. However, Please use your own IPs and domain name when you set config on your server. ( Actually, [172.16.0.80/29] is for private IP address, though. )
[root@ns ~]#
vi /etc/named.conf
options {
directory "/var/named";
# query range
allow-query { localhost; 192.168.0.0/24; };
# transfer range
allow-transfer { localhost; 192.168.0.0/24; };
# recursion range
allow-recursion { localhost; 192.168.0.0/24; };
};
controls {
inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndckey; };
};
# here is the section for internal informations
view "internal" {
match-clients {
localhost;
192.168.0.0/24;
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
# set zones for internal
zone "server-linux.info" IN {
type master;
file "server-linux.info.lan";
allow-update { none; };
};
# set zones for internal
zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "0.168.192.db";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "localdomain" IN {
type master;
file "localdomain.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "localhost" IN {
type master;
file "localhost.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.local";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "255.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.broadcast";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.zero";
allow-update { none; };
};
};
view "external" {
match-clients {
any;
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
# set zones for external
zone "server-linux.info" IN {
type master;
file "server-linux.info.wan";
allow-update { none; };
};
# set zones for external *note
zone "80.0.16.172.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "80.0.16.172.db";
allow-update { none; };
};
};
include "/etc/rndc.key";
# *note : For How to write for reverse resolving, Write network address reversely like below.
the case for 192.168.0.0/24
network address
⇒ 192.168.0.0
range of network
⇒ 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.0.255
how to write
⇒ 0.168.192.in-addr.arpa
case of 172.16.0.80/29
network address
⇒ 172.16.0.80
range of network
⇒ 172.16.0.80 - 172.16.0.87
how to write
⇒ 80.0.16.172.in-addr.arpa
From (server-world.info)
2/12/2011
skype for linux ubuntu 10.04
Skype for Linux was introduced in November 2007 with limited features. Latest release of Skype for Linux comes with High Quality Video and super wideband audio that have been exciting features of Windows and Mac versions. Today I show you how to install it on Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal . The process is not complicated , and we will do everything using a terminal.
- First install the dependencies, with the command
sudo apt-get install libqt4-dbus libqt4-network libqt4-xml libasound2
- Now download our Skype. For operating systems 32- bit by typing
cd / tmp wget http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-beta-ubuntu-32
- While for 64-bit systems we type
cd / tmp wget http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-beta-ubuntu-64
- Time (procedure common to both 32-bit and 64 bit) installed Skype with the command
sudo dpkg-i skype-*. deb
- to install and finish the installation of Skype.
sudo apt-get -f install
Install and configure FFmpeg + FFmpeg-PHP + Mplayer + Mencoder + flv2tool + LAME MP3 Encoder
Following are the steps to install FFmpeg + FFmpeg-PHP + Mplayer + Mencoder + flv2tool + LAME MP3 Encoder + Libog on a Linux server or VPS Hosting Manually. There are many automated scripts available which install these but its better to do it manually as in case of an error occuring during the installation process, we can stop the installation and fix them. These steps also include the common fixes for such errors.
cd /usr/local/src/
DOWNLOAD MODULES
wget www3.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/codecs/essential-20061022.tar.bz2
wget rubyforge.org/frs/download.php/9225/flvtool2_1.0.5_rc6.tgz
wget easynews.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/lame/lame-3.97.tar.gz
wget superb-west.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/ffmpeg-php/ffmpeg-php-0.5.1.tbz2
wget downloads.xiph.org/releases/ogg/libogg-1.1.3.tar.gz
wget downloads.xiph.org/releases/vorbis/libvorbis-1.1.2.tar.gz
EXTRACT MODULES
tar zxvf lame-3.97.tar.gz
tar zxvf libogg-1.1.3.tar.gz
tar zxvf libvorbis-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf flvtool2_1.0.5_rc6.tgz
tar jxvf essential-20061022.tar.bz2
tar jxvf ffmpeg-php-0.5.1.tbz2
mkdir /usr/local/lib/codecs/
yum install gcc gmake make libcpp libgcc libstdc++ gcc4 gcc4-c++ gcc4-gfortran subversion ruby ncurses-devel -y
DOWNLOAD FFMPEG and MPLAYER
svn checkout svn://svn.mplayerhq.hu/ffmpeg/trunk ffmpeg
svn checkout svn://svn.mplayerhq.hu/mplayer/trunk mplayer
cd /usr/local/src/mplayer
svn update
cd /usr/local/src/
mv /usr/local/src/essential-20061022/* /usr/local/lib/codecs/
chmod -R 755 /usr/local/lib/codecs/
LAME:
cd /usr/local/src/lame-3.97
./configure
make && make install
LIBOGG
cd /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/libogg-1.1.3
./configure --enable-shared && make && make install
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH
LIBVORBIS
cd /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/libvorbis-1.1.2
./configure && make && make install
FLVTOOL2
cd /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/flvtool2_1.0.5_rc6/
ruby setup.rb config
ruby setup.rb setup
ruby setup.rb install
MPLAYER
cd /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/mplayer
./configure && make && make install
cd /usr/local/src/
FFMPEG:
cd /usr/local/src/ffmpeg/
./configure --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libvorbis --disable-mmx --enable-shared
make
make install
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib/
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libavformat.so.50 /usr/lib/libavformat.so.50
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libavcodec.so.51 /usr/lib/libavcodec.so.51
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libavutil.so.49 /usr/lib/libavutil.so.49
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmp3lame.so.0 /usr/lib/libmp3lame.so.0
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libavformat.so.51 /usr/lib/libavformat.so.51
FFMPEG-PHP:
cd /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.5.1/
phpize
./configure
make
make install
NOTICE: Make sure this is the correct php.ini for the box!!
echo 'extension=ffmpeg.so' >> /usr/local/Zend/etc/php.ini
NOTICE: Make sure this is the correct php.ini for the box!!
RESTART APACHE
service httpd restart
cd /usr/local/src/
DOWNLOAD MODULES
wget www3.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/codecs/essential-20061022.tar.bz2
wget rubyforge.org/frs/download.php/9225/flvtool2_1.0.5_rc6.tgz
wget easynews.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/lame/lame-3.97.tar.gz
wget superb-west.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/ffmpeg-php/ffmpeg-php-0.5.1.tbz2
wget downloads.xiph.org/releases/ogg/libogg-1.1.3.tar.gz
wget downloads.xiph.org/releases/vorbis/libvorbis-1.1.2.tar.gz
EXTRACT MODULES
tar zxvf lame-3.97.tar.gz
tar zxvf libogg-1.1.3.tar.gz
tar zxvf libvorbis-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf flvtool2_1.0.5_rc6.tgz
tar jxvf essential-20061022.tar.bz2
tar jxvf ffmpeg-php-0.5.1.tbz2
mkdir /usr/local/lib/codecs/
yum install gcc gmake make libcpp libgcc libstdc++ gcc4 gcc4-c++ gcc4-gfortran subversion ruby ncurses-devel -y
DOWNLOAD FFMPEG and MPLAYER
svn checkout svn://svn.mplayerhq.hu/ffmpeg/trunk ffmpeg
svn checkout svn://svn.mplayerhq.hu/mplayer/trunk mplayer
cd /usr/local/src/mplayer
svn update
cd /usr/local/src/
mv /usr/local/src/essential-20061022/* /usr/local/lib/codecs/
chmod -R 755 /usr/local/lib/codecs/
LAME:
cd /usr/local/src/lame-3.97
./configure
make && make install
LIBOGG
cd /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/libogg-1.1.3
./configure --enable-shared && make && make install
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH
LIBVORBIS
cd /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/libvorbis-1.1.2
./configure && make && make install
FLVTOOL2
cd /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/flvtool2_1.0.5_rc6/
ruby setup.rb config
ruby setup.rb setup
ruby setup.rb install
MPLAYER
cd /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/mplayer
./configure && make && make install
cd /usr/local/src/
FFMPEG:
cd /usr/local/src/ffmpeg/
./configure --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libvorbis --disable-mmx --enable-shared
make
make install
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib/
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libavformat.so.50 /usr/lib/libavformat.so.50
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libavcodec.so.51 /usr/lib/libavcodec.so.51
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libavutil.so.49 /usr/lib/libavutil.so.49
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmp3lame.so.0 /usr/lib/libmp3lame.so.0
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libavformat.so.51 /usr/lib/libavformat.so.51
FFMPEG-PHP:
cd /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/ffmpeg-php-0.5.1/
phpize
./configure
make
make install
NOTICE: Make sure this is the correct php.ini for the box!!
echo 'extension=ffmpeg.so' >> /usr/local/Zend/etc/php.ini
NOTICE: Make sure this is the correct php.ini for the box!!
RESTART APACHE
service httpd restart
2/11/2011
Sam-ba BDC
Build Samba BDC (backup domain controller). Of course, Samba PDC needs to be running in your LAN and also this Samba BDC is LDAP client.
[1] smb.conf is almost the same with PDC. Different section is 'domain master' section and LDAP server's IP address.
[root@lan ~]# yum --enablerepo=epel -y install smbldap-tools # install from EPEL
[root@lan ~]# mv /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak
[root@lan ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools-*/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf
[root@lan ~]# vi /etc/samba/smb.conf
# line 3: change workgroup name to any one
workgroup = ServerWorld
# line 12: maike it comment
#min passwd length = 3
# line 22: change
ldap passwd sync = yes
# line 33,34: change
Dos charset = CP932
Unix charset = UTF-8
# line 42: change (different section from PDC)
domain master = No
# line 47: change (LDAP server's IP address - different section from PDC)
passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://10.0.0.100/
# line 48: change LDAP admin DN (LDAP server's one)
passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://127.0.0.1/
ldap admin dn = cn=Manager,dc=server,dc=world
# line 50: change LDAP suffix (LDAP server's one)
ldap suffix = dc=server,dc=world
ldap group suffix = ou=Group
ldap user suffix = ou=People
# line 60: uncomment
delete group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-groupdel "%g"
# line 64: add (specify admin user)
set primary group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-usermod -g '%g' '%u'
admin users = admin
[root@lan ~]# mkdir /home/netlogon
[root@lan ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart
Shutting down SMB services:[ OK ]
Shutting down NMB services:[ OK ]
Starting SMB services:[ OK ]
Starting NMB services:[ OK ]
[root@lan ~]# smbpasswd -W # add LDAP admin's password
Setting stored password for "cn=Manager,dc=server,dc=world" in secrets.tdb
New SMB password:# LDAP admin password
Retype new SMB password:
[root@lan ~]# net rpc getsid# get SID in PDC
Password:# admin password
Could not connect to server PDC-SRV # no ploblem
The username or password was not correct.
Storing SID S-1-5-21-2328488880-970186277-2112160582 for Domain SERVERWORLD in secrets.tdb # remember this
[root@lan ~]# /usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools-*/configure.pl
Use of $# is deprecated at /usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools-0.9.4/configure.pl line 314.
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
smbldap-tools script configuration
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Before starting, check
. if your samba controller is up and running.
. if the domain SID is defined (you can get it with the 'net getlocalsid')
. you can leave the configuration using the Crtl-c key combination
. empty value can be set with the "." character
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Looking for configuration files...
Samba Configuration File Path [/etc/samba/smb.conf] > # Enter
The default directory in which the smbldap configuration files are stored is shown.
If you need to change this, enter the full directory path, then press enter to continue.
Smbldap-tools Configuration Directory Path [/etc/smbldap-tools/] > # Enter
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Let's start configuring the smbldap-tools scripts ...
. workgroup name: name of the domain Samba act as a PDC
workgroup name [ServerWorld] > # Enter
. netbios name: netbios name of the samba controler
netbios name [PDC-SRV] > # Enter
. logon drive: local path to which the home directory will be connected (for NT Workstations). Ex: 'H:'
logon drive [H:] > # Enter
. logon home: home directory location (for Win95/98 or NT Workstation).
(use %U as username) Ex:'\\PDC-SRV\%U'
logon home (press the "." character if you don't want homeDirectory) [\\PDC-SRV\%U] > . # input a period
. logon path: directory where roaming profiles are stored. Ex:'\\PDC-SRV\profiles\%U'
logon path (press the "." character if you don't want roaming profile) [\\PDC-SRV\profiles\%U] > . # input a period
. home directory prefix (use %U as username) [/home/%U] > # Enter
. default users' homeDirectory mode [700] > # Enter
. default user netlogon script (use %U as username) [logon.bat] > # Enter
default password validation time (time in days) [45] > # Enter
. ldap suffix [dc=server,dc=world] > # Enter
. ldap group suffix [ou=Group] > # Enter
. ldap user suffix [ou=People] > # Enter
. ldap machine suffix [ou=Computers] > # Enter
. Idmap suffix [ou=Idmap] > # Enter
. sambaUnixIdPooldn: object where you want to store the next uidNumber
and gidNumber available for new users and groups
sambaUnixIdPooldn object (relative to ) [sambaDomainName=ServerWorld] > # Enter
. ldap master server: IP adress or DNS name of the master (writable) ldap server
ldap master server [10.0.0.100] > # Enter
. ldap master port [389] > # Enter
. ldap master bind dn [cn=Manager,dc=server,dc=world] > # Enter
. ldap master bind password [] > # LDAP admin password
. ldap slave server: IP adress or DNS name of the slave ldap server: can also be the master one
ldap slave server [10.0.0.100] > # specify LDAP slave's IP (Enter with empy if none)
. ldap slave port [389] > # Enter
. ldap slave bind dn [cn=Manager,dc=server,dc=world] > # Enter
. ldap slave bind password [] > # Input if there is, if not input the same one with master
. ldap tls support (1/0) [0] > # Enter
. SID for domain SERVERWORLD: SID of the domain (can be obtained with 'net getlocalsid PDC-SRV')
SID for domain SERVERWORLD [S-1-5-21-1408951518-2773026720-1935188473] > S-1-5-21-2328488880-970186277-2112160582 # input SID (same to PDC)
. unix password encryption: encryption used for unix passwords
unix password encryption (CRYPT, MD5, SMD5, SSHA, SHA) [SSHA] > MD5 # specify MD5
. default user gidNumber [513] > # Enter
. default computer gidNumber [515] > # Enter
. default login shell [/bin/bash] > # Enter
. default skeleton directory [/etc/skel] > # Enter
. default domain name to append to mail adress [] > # Enter
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools-0.9.4/configure.pl line 314, <STDIN> line 33.
backup old configuration files:
/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf->/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf.old
/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf->/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf.old
writing new configuration file:
/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf done.
/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf done.
[root@lan ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart
Shutting down SMB services:[ OK ]
Shutting down NMB services:[ OK ]
Starting SMB services:[ OK ]
Starting NMB services:[ OK ]
[root@lan ~]# pdbedit -L # verify users' info
root:0:root# make sure the result is the same with PDC
nobody:99:nobody
admin:1000:admin
e-fd3s$:1001:E-FD3S$
localhost$:1003:Computer
rx-7$:4294967295:
From (Server-world).
[1] smb.conf is almost the same with PDC. Different section is 'domain master' section and LDAP server's IP address.
[root@lan ~]# yum --enablerepo=epel -y install smbldap-tools # install from EPEL
[root@lan ~]# mv /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak
[root@lan ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools-*/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf
[root@lan ~]# vi /etc/samba/smb.conf
# line 3: change workgroup name to any one
workgroup = ServerWorld
# line 12: maike it comment
#min passwd length = 3
# line 22: change
ldap passwd sync = yes
# line 33,34: change
Dos charset = CP932
Unix charset = UTF-8
# line 42: change (different section from PDC)
domain master = No
# line 47: change (LDAP server's IP address - different section from PDC)
passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://10.0.0.100/
# line 48: change LDAP admin DN (LDAP server's one)
passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://127.0.0.1/
ldap admin dn = cn=Manager,dc=server,dc=world
# line 50: change LDAP suffix (LDAP server's one)
ldap suffix = dc=server,dc=world
ldap group suffix = ou=Group
ldap user suffix = ou=People
# line 60: uncomment
delete group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-groupdel "%g"
# line 64: add (specify admin user)
set primary group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-usermod -g '%g' '%u'
admin users = admin
[root@lan ~]# mkdir /home/netlogon
[root@lan ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart
Shutting down SMB services:[ OK ]
Shutting down NMB services:[ OK ]
Starting SMB services:[ OK ]
Starting NMB services:[ OK ]
[root@lan ~]# smbpasswd -W # add LDAP admin's password
Setting stored password for "cn=Manager,dc=server,dc=world" in secrets.tdb
New SMB password:# LDAP admin password
Retype new SMB password:
[root@lan ~]# net rpc getsid# get SID in PDC
Password:# admin password
Could not connect to server PDC-SRV # no ploblem
The username or password was not correct.
Storing SID S-1-5-21-2328488880-970186277-2112160582 for Domain SERVERWORLD in secrets.tdb # remember this
[root@lan ~]# /usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools-*/configure.pl
Use of $# is deprecated at /usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools-0.9.4/configure.pl line 314.
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
smbldap-tools script configuration
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Before starting, check
. if your samba controller is up and running.
. if the domain SID is defined (you can get it with the 'net getlocalsid')
. you can leave the configuration using the Crtl-c key combination
. empty value can be set with the "." character
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Looking for configuration files...
Samba Configuration File Path [/etc/samba/smb.conf] > # Enter
The default directory in which the smbldap configuration files are stored is shown.
If you need to change this, enter the full directory path, then press enter to continue.
Smbldap-tools Configuration Directory Path [/etc/smbldap-tools/] > # Enter
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Let's start configuring the smbldap-tools scripts ...
. workgroup name: name of the domain Samba act as a PDC
workgroup name [ServerWorld] > # Enter
. netbios name: netbios name of the samba controler
netbios name [PDC-SRV] > # Enter
. logon drive: local path to which the home directory will be connected (for NT Workstations). Ex: 'H:'
logon drive [H:] > # Enter
. logon home: home directory location (for Win95/98 or NT Workstation).
(use %U as username) Ex:'\\PDC-SRV\%U'
logon home (press the "." character if you don't want homeDirectory) [\\PDC-SRV\%U] > . # input a period
. logon path: directory where roaming profiles are stored. Ex:'\\PDC-SRV\profiles\%U'
logon path (press the "." character if you don't want roaming profile) [\\PDC-SRV\profiles\%U] > . # input a period
. home directory prefix (use %U as username) [/home/%U] > # Enter
. default users' homeDirectory mode [700] > # Enter
. default user netlogon script (use %U as username) [logon.bat] > # Enter
default password validation time (time in days) [45] > # Enter
. ldap suffix [dc=server,dc=world] > # Enter
. ldap group suffix [ou=Group] > # Enter
. ldap user suffix [ou=People] > # Enter
. ldap machine suffix [ou=Computers] > # Enter
. Idmap suffix [ou=Idmap] > # Enter
. sambaUnixIdPooldn: object where you want to store the next uidNumber
and gidNumber available for new users and groups
sambaUnixIdPooldn object (relative to ) [sambaDomainName=ServerWorld] > # Enter
. ldap master server: IP adress or DNS name of the master (writable) ldap server
ldap master server [10.0.0.100] > # Enter
. ldap master port [389] > # Enter
. ldap master bind dn [cn=Manager,dc=server,dc=world] > # Enter
. ldap master bind password [] > # LDAP admin password
. ldap slave server: IP adress or DNS name of the slave ldap server: can also be the master one
ldap slave server [10.0.0.100] > # specify LDAP slave's IP (Enter with empy if none)
. ldap slave port [389] > # Enter
. ldap slave bind dn [cn=Manager,dc=server,dc=world] > # Enter
. ldap slave bind password [] > # Input if there is, if not input the same one with master
. ldap tls support (1/0) [0] > # Enter
. SID for domain SERVERWORLD: SID of the domain (can be obtained with 'net getlocalsid PDC-SRV')
SID for domain SERVERWORLD [S-1-5-21-1408951518-2773026720-1935188473] > S-1-5-21-2328488880-970186277-2112160582 # input SID (same to PDC)
. unix password encryption: encryption used for unix passwords
unix password encryption (CRYPT, MD5, SMD5, SSHA, SHA) [SSHA] > MD5 # specify MD5
. default user gidNumber [513] > # Enter
. default computer gidNumber [515] > # Enter
. default login shell [/bin/bash] > # Enter
. default skeleton directory [/etc/skel] > # Enter
. default domain name to append to mail adress [] > # Enter
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools-0.9.4/configure.pl line 314, <STDIN> line 33.
backup old configuration files:
/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf->/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf.old
/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf->/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf.old
writing new configuration file:
/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf done.
/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf done.
[root@lan ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart
Shutting down SMB services:[ OK ]
Shutting down NMB services:[ OK ]
Starting SMB services:[ OK ]
Starting NMB services:[ OK ]
[root@lan ~]# pdbedit -L # verify users' info
root:0:root# make sure the result is the same with PDC
nobody:99:nobody
admin:1000:admin
e-fd3s$:1001:E-FD3S$
localhost$:1003:Computer
rx-7$:4294967295:
From (Server-world).
2/10/2011
Ubuntu remote desktop
Enabling remote desktop mode is extremely easy on Ubuntu since Dapper. You can allow other users to access your desktop using the VNC Viewer utility that is bundled with Ubuntu, or offered as a free download for Windows.
Note that enabling remote control of your desktop is never a safe thing to do unless you have a firewall installed and configured correctly, and even then is still a potential security problem. Now that you’ve been warned of the risks, let’s move on.
Navigate to the System \ Preferences \ Remote Desktop on the Gnome top menu.
You’ll see this window:
Note that enabling remote control of your desktop is never a safe thing to do unless you have a firewall installed and configured correctly, and even then is still a potential security problem. Now that you’ve been warned of the risks, let’s move on.
Navigate to the System \ Preferences \ Remote Desktop on the Gnome top menu.
You’ll see this window:
The first two checkboxes need to be checked in order for remote desktop to be enabled.
The Security section is important: If you select the “Ask you for confirmation” code, then you will need to be at the computer in order to allow the other person to access your desktop. If you are trying to remotely access one of your own computers, you will want to uncheck this box.
The second checkbox should always be checked, and you should enter a secure password. You will be prompted for this password when you try to log on.
Tested on: Ubuntu Dapper Drake, Ubuntu Edgy Eft
linux download
Download Ubuntu Desktop:
http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu/download
Download all distribution Linux
http://iso.linuxquestions.org/
http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu/download
Download all distribution Linux
http://iso.linuxquestions.org/
Sam-ba - Configure for Client
Samba PDC #2 - Configure for Client
Configure for Client in Samba Primary Domain Controller network.
[1] If client computer is Linux, Set LDAP Client or Set Samba BDC.
If set normaly LDAP Client, See here. However, in this case, when a user change his password on Client, only LDAP password is changed, not changed SMB password, They are not synced, so please change password on PDC server if anyone want to change their password.
If set Samba BDC, See here. In this case, changing password is synced by smbpassword even if from clinet.
[2] For the case that client is Windows machine, this example is for Windows XP, changing password is synced by normaly changing procedure of password on Windows.
Open Property on your Windows PC and Click 'Change' button.
[3] Check a box 'Domain' and Input domain name you set in smb.conf
Configure for Client in Samba Primary Domain Controller network.
[1] If client computer is Linux, Set LDAP Client or Set Samba BDC.
If set normaly LDAP Client, See here. However, in this case, when a user change his password on Client, only LDAP password is changed, not changed SMB password, They are not synced, so please change password on PDC server if anyone want to change their password.
If set Samba BDC, See here. In this case, changing password is synced by smbpassword even if from clinet.
[2] For the case that client is Windows machine, this example is for Windows XP, changing password is synced by normaly changing procedure of password on Windows.
Open Property on your Windows PC and Click 'Change' button.
[3] Check a box 'Domain' and Input domain name you set in smb.conf
[4] Authenticate admin user that you set in smb.conf.
[5] Done to enter domain. Reboot your PC.
[6] After rebooting, change destination of logon to domain and authenticate a user in Samba PDC. If you'd like to change password, Change it with normal procedure on Windows, password is synced.
2/09/2011
Linux basic command: Samba PDC #1 - Build Primary Domain Controller
Linux basic command: Samba PDC #1 - Build Primary Domain Controller: "Build Primary Domain Controller with Samba + OpenLDAP. LDAP Server is running on your LAN and also the server you'd like to build ..."
Sam-ba - Build Primary Domain Controller
Sam-ba PDC #1 - Build Primary Domain Controller
Build Primary Domain Controller with Samba + OpenLDAP. LDAP Server is running on your LAN and also the server you'd like to build PDC need to be a LDAP Client.
[1] Chane OpenLDAP settings
[root@master ~]# yum --enablerepo=epel -y install smbldap-tools # install from EPEL
[root@master ~]# mv /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak
[root@master ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools-*/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf
[root@master ~]# vi /etc/samba/smb.conf
# line 3: change workgroup name to any one
workgroup = ServerWorld
# line 12: maike it comment
#min passwd length = 3
# line 22: change
ldap passwd sync = yes
# line 33,34: change
Dos charset = CP932
Unix charset = UTF-8
# line 48: change LDAP admin DN (LDAP server's one)
passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://127.0.0.1/
ldap admin dn = cn=Manager,dc=server,dc=world
# line 50: change LDAP suffix (LDAP server's one)
ldap suffix = dc=server,dc=world
ldap group suffix = ou=Group
ldap user suffix = ou=People
# line 60: uncomment
delete group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-groupdel "%g"
# line 64: add (specify admin user)
set primary group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-usermod -g '%g' '%u'
admin users = admin
[root@master ~]# mkdir /home/netlogon
[root@master ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart
Shutting down SMB services:[ OK ]
Shutting down NMB services:[ OK ]
Starting SMB services:[ OK ]
Starting NMB services:[ OK ]
[root@master ~]# smbpasswd -W # add LDAP admin's password
Setting stored password for "cn=Manager,dc=server,dc=world" in secrets.tdb
New SMB password:# LDAP admin password
Retype new SMB password:
[root@master ~]# /usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools-*/configure.pl
Use of $# is deprecated at /usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools-0.9.4/configure.pl line 314.
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
smbldap-tools script configuration
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Before starting, check
. if your samba controller is up and running.
. if the domain SID is defined (you can get it with the 'net getlocalsid')
. you can leave the configuration using the Crtl-c key combination
. empty value can be set with the "." character
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Looking for configuration files...
Samba Configuration File Path [/etc/samba/smb.conf] > # Enter
The default directory in which the smbldap configuration files are stored is shown.
If you need to change this, enter the full directory path, then press enter to continue.
Smbldap-tools Configuration Directory Path [/etc/smbldap-tools/] > # Enter
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Let's start configuring the smbldap-tools scripts ...
. workgroup name: name of the domain Samba act as a PDC
workgroup name [ServerWorld] > # Enter
. netbios name: netbios name of the samba controler
netbios name [PDC-SRV] > # Enter
. logon drive: local path to which the home directory will be connected (for NT Workstations). Ex: 'H:'
logon drive [H:] > # Enter
. logon home: home directory location (for Win95/98 or NT Workstation).
(use %U as username) Ex:'\\PDC-SRV\%U'
logon home (press the "." character if you don't want homeDirectory) [\\PDC-SRV\%U] > . # input a period
. logon path: directory where roaming profiles are stored. Ex:'\\PDC-SRV\profiles\%U'
logon path (press the "." character if you don't want roaming profile) [\\PDC-SRV\profiles\%U] > . # input a period
. home directory prefix (use %U as username) [/home/%U] > # Enter
. default users' homeDirectory mode [700] > # Enter
. default user netlogon script (use %U as username) [logon.bat] > # Enter
default password validation time (time in days) [45] > # Enter
. ldap suffix [dc=server,dc=world] > # Enter
. ldap group suffix [ou=Group] > # Enter
. ldap user suffix [ou=People] > # Enter
. ldap machine suffix [ou=Computers] > # Enter
. Idmap suffix [ou=Idmap] > # Enter
. sambaUnixIdPooldn: object where you want to store the next uidNumber
and gidNumber available for new users and groups
sambaUnixIdPooldn object (relative to ) [sambaDomainName=ServerWorld] > # Enter
. ldap master server: IP adress or DNS name of the master (writable) ldap server
ldap master server [127.0.0.1] > # specify LDAP server's IP address (Enter with empy if local)
. ldap master port [389] > # Enter
. ldap master bind dn [cn=Manager,dc=server,dc=world] > # Enter
. ldap master bind password [] > # LDAP admin password
. ldap slave server: IP adress or DNS name of the slave ldap server: can also be the master one
ldap slave server [127.0.0.1] > # specify LDAP slave's IP (Enter with empy if none)
. ldap slave port [389] > # Enter
. ldap slave bind dn [cn=Manager,dc=server,dc=world] > # Enter
. ldap slave bind password [] > # Input if there is, if not input the same one with master
. ldap tls support (1/0) [0] > # Enter
. SID for domain SERVERWORLD: SID of the domain (can be obtained with 'net getlocalsid PDC-SRV')
SID for domain SERVERWORLD [S-1-5-21-2328488880-970186277-2112160582] > # Enter
. unix password encryption: encryption used for unix passwords
unix password encryption (CRYPT, MD5, SMD5, SSHA, SHA) [SSHA] > MD5 # specify MD5
. default user gidNumber [513] > # Enter
. default computer gidNumber [515] > # Enter
. default login shell [/bin/bash] > # Enter
. default skeleton directory [/etc/skel] > # Enter
. default domain name to append to mail adress [] > # Enter
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools-0.9.4/configure.pl line 314, <STDIN> line 33.
backup old configuration files:
/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf->/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf.old
/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf->/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf.old
writing new configuration file:
/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf done.
/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf done.
[root@master ~]# smbldap-populate
Populating LDAP directory for domain SERVERWORLD (S-1-5-21-2328488880-970186277-2112160582)
(using builtin directory structure)
entry dc=server,dc=world already exist.
entry ou=People,dc=server,dc=world already exist.
entry ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world already exist.
adding new entry: ou=Computers,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: ou=Idmap,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: uid=root,ou=People,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: uid=nobody,ou=People,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Domain Admins,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Domain Users,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Domain Guests,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Domain Computers,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Administrators,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Account Operators,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Print Operators,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Backup Operators,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Replicators,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
entry sambaDomainName=ServerWorld,dc=server,dc=world already exist. Updating it...
Please provide a password for the domain root:
Changing UNIX and samba passwords for root
New password: # set root password
Retype new password:
# add admin user that is define in smb.conf
[root@master ~]# smbldap-groupadd -a admin
[root@master ~]# smbldap-useradd -am -g admin admin
[root@master ~]# smbldap-passwd admin
Changing UNIX and samba passwords for admin
New password:
Retype new password:
[root@master ~]# su - admin # try to switch to added user
[admin@master ~]$ # done
From (server-world)
Build Primary Domain Controller with Samba + OpenLDAP. LDAP Server is running on your LAN and also the server you'd like to build PDC need to be a LDAP Client.
[1] Chane OpenLDAP settings
[root@master ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/samba-*/LDAP/samba.schema /etc/openldap/schema/
[root@master ~]# vi /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema
# add
include /etc/openldap/schema/samba.schema
# add
access to attrs=userPassword,sambaLMPassword,sambaNTPassword
by self write
by dn="cn=Manager,dc=server,dc=world" write
by anonymous auth
by * none
[root@master ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/ldap restart
Stopping slapd: [ OK ]
Checking configuration files for slapd: /etc/openldap/slapd.conf: line 116: rootdn is always granted unlimited privileges.
/etc/openldap/slapd.conf: line 121: rootdn is always granted unlimited privileges.
config file testing succeeded
[ OK ]
Starting slapd: [ OK ]
[2] Install smbldap-tools and change settings of Samba[root@master ~]# yum --enablerepo=epel -y install smbldap-tools # install from EPEL
[root@master ~]# mv /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak
[root@master ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools-*/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf
[root@master ~]# vi /etc/samba/smb.conf
# line 3: change workgroup name to any one
workgroup = ServerWorld
# line 12: maike it comment
#min passwd length = 3
# line 22: change
ldap passwd sync = yes
# line 33,34: change
Dos charset = CP932
Unix charset = UTF-8
# line 48: change LDAP admin DN (LDAP server's one)
passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://127.0.0.1/
ldap admin dn = cn=Manager,dc=server,dc=world
# line 50: change LDAP suffix (LDAP server's one)
ldap suffix = dc=server,dc=world
ldap group suffix = ou=Group
ldap user suffix = ou=People
# line 60: uncomment
delete group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-groupdel "%g"
# line 64: add (specify admin user)
set primary group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-usermod -g '%g' '%u'
admin users = admin
[root@master ~]# mkdir /home/netlogon
[root@master ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart
Shutting down SMB services:[ OK ]
Shutting down NMB services:[ OK ]
Starting SMB services:[ OK ]
Starting NMB services:[ OK ]
[root@master ~]# smbpasswd -W # add LDAP admin's password
Setting stored password for "cn=Manager,dc=server,dc=world" in secrets.tdb
New SMB password:# LDAP admin password
Retype new SMB password:
[root@master ~]# /usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools-*/configure.pl
Use of $# is deprecated at /usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools-0.9.4/configure.pl line 314.
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
smbldap-tools script configuration
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Before starting, check
. if your samba controller is up and running.
. if the domain SID is defined (you can get it with the 'net getlocalsid')
. you can leave the configuration using the Crtl-c key combination
. empty value can be set with the "." character
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Looking for configuration files...
Samba Configuration File Path [/etc/samba/smb.conf] > # Enter
The default directory in which the smbldap configuration files are stored is shown.
If you need to change this, enter the full directory path, then press enter to continue.
Smbldap-tools Configuration Directory Path [/etc/smbldap-tools/] > # Enter
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Let's start configuring the smbldap-tools scripts ...
. workgroup name: name of the domain Samba act as a PDC
workgroup name [ServerWorld] > # Enter
. netbios name: netbios name of the samba controler
netbios name [PDC-SRV] > # Enter
. logon drive: local path to which the home directory will be connected (for NT Workstations). Ex: 'H:'
logon drive [H:] > # Enter
. logon home: home directory location (for Win95/98 or NT Workstation).
(use %U as username) Ex:'\\PDC-SRV\%U'
logon home (press the "." character if you don't want homeDirectory) [\\PDC-SRV\%U] > . # input a period
. logon path: directory where roaming profiles are stored. Ex:'\\PDC-SRV\profiles\%U'
logon path (press the "." character if you don't want roaming profile) [\\PDC-SRV\profiles\%U] > . # input a period
. home directory prefix (use %U as username) [/home/%U] > # Enter
. default users' homeDirectory mode [700] > # Enter
. default user netlogon script (use %U as username) [logon.bat] > # Enter
default password validation time (time in days) [45] > # Enter
. ldap suffix [dc=server,dc=world] > # Enter
. ldap group suffix [ou=Group] > # Enter
. ldap user suffix [ou=People] > # Enter
. ldap machine suffix [ou=Computers] > # Enter
. Idmap suffix [ou=Idmap] > # Enter
. sambaUnixIdPooldn: object where you want to store the next uidNumber
and gidNumber available for new users and groups
sambaUnixIdPooldn object (relative to ) [sambaDomainName=ServerWorld] > # Enter
. ldap master server: IP adress or DNS name of the master (writable) ldap server
ldap master server [127.0.0.1] > # specify LDAP server's IP address (Enter with empy if local)
. ldap master port [389] > # Enter
. ldap master bind dn [cn=Manager,dc=server,dc=world] > # Enter
. ldap master bind password [] > # LDAP admin password
. ldap slave server: IP adress or DNS name of the slave ldap server: can also be the master one
ldap slave server [127.0.0.1] > # specify LDAP slave's IP (Enter with empy if none)
. ldap slave port [389] > # Enter
. ldap slave bind dn [cn=Manager,dc=server,dc=world] > # Enter
. ldap slave bind password [] > # Input if there is, if not input the same one with master
. ldap tls support (1/0) [0] > # Enter
. SID for domain SERVERWORLD: SID of the domain (can be obtained with 'net getlocalsid PDC-SRV')
SID for domain SERVERWORLD [S-1-5-21-2328488880-970186277-2112160582] > # Enter
. unix password encryption: encryption used for unix passwords
unix password encryption (CRYPT, MD5, SMD5, SSHA, SHA) [SSHA] > MD5 # specify MD5
. default user gidNumber [513] > # Enter
. default computer gidNumber [515] > # Enter
. default login shell [/bin/bash] > # Enter
. default skeleton directory [/etc/skel] > # Enter
. default domain name to append to mail adress [] > # Enter
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at /usr/share/doc/smbldap-tools-0.9.4/configure.pl line 314, <STDIN> line 33.
backup old configuration files:
/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf->/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf.old
/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf->/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf.old
writing new configuration file:
/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf done.
/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf done.
[root@master ~]# smbldap-populate
Populating LDAP directory for domain SERVERWORLD (S-1-5-21-2328488880-970186277-2112160582)
(using builtin directory structure)
entry dc=server,dc=world already exist.
entry ou=People,dc=server,dc=world already exist.
entry ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world already exist.
adding new entry: ou=Computers,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: ou=Idmap,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: uid=root,ou=People,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: uid=nobody,ou=People,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Domain Admins,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Domain Users,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Domain Guests,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Domain Computers,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Administrators,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Account Operators,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Print Operators,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Backup Operators,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
adding new entry: cn=Replicators,ou=Group,dc=server,dc=world
entry sambaDomainName=ServerWorld,dc=server,dc=world already exist. Updating it...
Please provide a password for the domain root:
Changing UNIX and samba passwords for root
New password: # set root password
Retype new password:
# add admin user that is define in smb.conf
[root@master ~]# smbldap-groupadd -a admin
[root@master ~]# smbldap-useradd -am -g admin admin
[root@master ~]# smbldap-passwd admin
Changing UNIX and samba passwords for admin
New password:
Retype new password:
[root@master ~]# su - admin # try to switch to added user
[admin@master ~]$ # done
From (server-world)
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